结构体 BytesMut 

pub struct BytesMut { /* private fields */ }

对一段连续内存切片的独占引用。

BytesMut 表示对一段可能共享的内存区域的独占视图。 凭借该独占性保证，BytesMut 句柄的持有者 可以修改该内存。

可以把 BytesMut 视为包含一个 buf: Arc<Vec<u8>>、其在 buf 中的偏移量、 切片长度，并保证同一 buf 上没有其他 BytesMut 与它的切片重叠。这条保证意味着 不需要写锁。

Growth

BytesMut’s BufMut 实现会在必要时隐式扩容。 不过，若在一连串插入之前预先 预留出所需空间，效率会更高。

示例

use bytes::{BytesMut, BufMut};

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);

buf.put_u8(b'h');
buf.put_u8(b'e');
buf.put(&b"llo"[..]);

assert_eq!(&buf[..], b"hello");

// Freeze the buffer so that it can be shared
let a = buf.freeze();

// This does not allocate, instead `b` points to the same memory.
let b = a.clone();

assert_eq!(&a[..], b"hello");
assert_eq!(&b[..], b"hello");

实现

impl BytesMut

pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> BytesMut

创建具有指定容量的新 BytesMut。

返回的 BytesMut 在不重新分配的情况下至少可容纳 capacity 字节。

需要注意，本函数不指定返回的 BytesMut 的长度，只指定容量。

示例

use bytes::{BytesMut, BufMut};

let mut bytes = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);

// `bytes` contains no data, even though there is capacity
assert_eq!(bytes.len(), 0);

bytes.put(&b"hello world"[..]);

assert_eq!(&bytes[..], b"hello world");

pub fn new() -> BytesMut

使用默认容量创建新的 BytesMut。

生成的对象长度为 0，容量未指定。本函数不分配内存。

示例

use bytes::{BytesMut, BufMut};

let mut bytes = BytesMut::new();

assert_eq!(0, bytes.len());

bytes.reserve(2);
bytes.put_slice(b"xy");

assert_eq!(&b"xy"[..], &bytes[..]);

pub fn len(&self) -> usize

返回此 BytesMut 所包含的字节数。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let b = BytesMut::from(&b"hello"[..]);
assert_eq!(b.len(), 5);

pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

若 BytesMut 长度为 0，返回 true。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let b = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
assert!(b.is_empty());

pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize

返回 BytesMut 在不重新分配的情况下可容纳的字节数。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let b = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
assert_eq!(b.capacity(), 64);

pub fn freeze(self) -> Bytes

将 self 转换为不可变的 Bytes。

此转换零开销，用于表示句柄所引用的切片将不再被修改。转换完成后，句柄可被克隆并在线程间共享。

示例

use bytes::{BytesMut, BufMut};
use std::thread;

let mut b = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
b.put(&b"hello world"[..]);
let b1 = b.freeze();
let b2 = b1.clone();

let th = thread::spawn(move || {
    assert_eq!(&b1[..], b"hello world");
});

assert_eq!(&b2[..], b"hello world");
th.join().unwrap();

pub fn zeroed(len: usize) -> BytesMut

创建一个包含 len 个零字节的新 BytesMut。

生成对象的长度为 len，容量大于或等于 len。对象的整个长度将填充为零。

在某些平台或分配器上，本函数可能比手动实现更快。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let zeros = BytesMut::zeroed(42);

assert!(zeros.capacity() >= 42);
assert_eq!(zeros.len(), 42);
zeros.into_iter().for_each(|x| assert_eq!(x, 0));

pub fn split_off(&mut self, at: usize) -> BytesMut

在给定索引处将字节切分为两段。

此后 self 包含元素 [0, at)，返回的 BytesMut 包含元素 [at, capacity)。保证内存不会移动，即 self 的地址不变，且返回切片的地址也不变。

此操作为 O(1)，仅增加引用计数并设置一些索引。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut a = BytesMut::from(&b"hello world"[..]);
let mut b = a.split_off(5);

a[0] = b'j';
b[0] = b'!';

assert_eq!(&a[..], b"jello");
assert_eq!(&b[..], b"!world");

Panics

若 at > capacity 则 panic。

pub fn split(&mut self) -> BytesMut

从当前视图中移除字节，将其作为新的 BytesMut 句柄返回。

此后 self 将为空，但保留操作前已有的额外容量。这与 self.split_to(self.len()) 等价。

此操作为 O(1)，仅增加引用计数并设置一些索引。

示例

use bytes::{BytesMut, BufMut};

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(1024);
buf.put(&b"hello world"[..]);

let other = buf.split();

assert!(buf.is_empty());
assert_eq!(1013, buf.capacity());

assert_eq!(other, b"hello world"[..]);

pub fn split_to(&mut self, at: usize) -> BytesMut

在给定索引处将缓冲区拆分为两半。

此后 self 包含元素 [at, len)，返回的 BytesMut 包含元素 [0, at)。

此操作为 O(1)，仅增加引用计数并设置一些索引。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut a = BytesMut::from(&b"hello world"[..]);
let mut b = a.split_to(5);

a[0] = b'!';
b[0] = b'j';

assert_eq!(&a[..], b"!world");
assert_eq!(&b[..], b"jello");

Panics

Panics if at > len.

pub fn truncate(&mut self, len: usize)

缩短缓冲区，保留前 len 字节，丢弃其余字节。

若 len 大于缓冲区的当前长度，则此操作无效。

保留底层现有容量。

split_off 方法可以模拟 truncate，但这会导致多余的字节被返回而不是丢弃。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::from(&b"hello world"[..]);
buf.truncate(5);
assert_eq!(buf, b"hello"[..]);

pub fn clear(&mut self)

清空缓冲区，移除所有数据。现有容量保持不变。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::from(&b"hello world"[..]);
buf.clear();
assert!(buf.is_empty());

pub fn resize(&mut self, new_len: usize, value: u8)

调整缓冲区大小，使 len 等于 new_len。

若 new_len 大于 len，则将缓冲区扩展差值部分，每个新增字节设为 value。若 new_len 小于 len，则缓冲区直接被截断。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::new();

buf.resize(3, 0x1);
assert_eq!(&buf[..], &[0x1, 0x1, 0x1]);

buf.resize(2, 0x2);
assert_eq!(&buf[..], &[0x1, 0x1]);

buf.resize(4, 0x3);
assert_eq!(&buf[..], &[0x1, 0x1, 0x3, 0x3]);

pub unsafe fn set_len(&mut self, len: usize)

设置缓冲区的长度。

这会显式设置缓冲区的大小而不实际修改数据，因此调用方负责确保数据已初始化。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut b = BytesMut::from(&b"hello world"[..]);

unsafe {
    b.set_len(5);
}

assert_eq!(&b[..], b"hello");

unsafe {
    b.set_len(11);
}

assert_eq!(&b[..], b"hello world");

pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

为给定 BytesMut 中至少可插入的 additional 字节预留容量。

为避免频繁重新分配，可能预留多于 additional 字节。调用 reserve 可能导致分配。

在分配新缓冲区空间之前，本函数会尝试回收现有缓冲区中的空间。若当前句柄引用的是较大原始缓冲区的视图，并且引用同一原始缓冲区其他部分的所有其他句柄都已丢弃，则当前视图可被复制或移动到缓冲区开头，句柄可获取完整缓冲区的所有权，前提是完整缓冲区足够容纳所请求的额外容量。

仅当将数据从当前视图移动到缓冲区开头的（摊销）时间开销不太大时，才会执行此优化。具体条件可能会变化；目前要求被移动数据的长度至少与：

此方法不会保留未使用容量中存储的数据。

示例

在下面的示例中，分配了新缓冲区。

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::from(&b"hello"[..]);
buf.reserve(64);
assert!(buf.capacity() >= 69);

在下面的示例中，回收了现有缓冲区。

use bytes::{BytesMut, BufMut};

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(128);
buf.put(&[0; 64][..]);

let ptr = buf.as_ptr();
let other = buf.split();

assert!(buf.is_empty());
assert_eq!(buf.capacity(), 64);

drop(other);
buf.reserve(128);

assert_eq!(buf.capacity(), 128);
assert_eq!(buf.as_ptr(), ptr);

Panics

若新容量溢出 usize 则 panic。

pub fn try_reclaim(&mut self, additional: usize) -> bool

尝试以低成本回收已分配容量，使给定 BytesMut 至少可插入 additional 字节；成功则返回 true。

try_reclaim 行为与 reserve 完全相同，只是它从不分配新存储，并返回一个 bool 指示是否成功：

try_reclaim 在以下条件下返回 false：

• The spare capacity left is less than additional bytes AND
• The existing allocation cannot be reclaimed cheaply or it was less than additional bytes in size

若 BytesMut 没有其他指向同一底层存储的 BytesMut 或 Bytes 的未完成引用，则可以低成本回收分配。

此方法不会保留未使用容量中存储的数据。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(64));
assert_eq!(64, buf.capacity());

buf.extend_from_slice(b"abcd");
let mut split = buf.split();
assert_eq!(60, buf.capacity());
assert_eq!(4, split.capacity());
assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(64));
assert_eq!(false, buf.try_reclaim(64));
// The split buffer is filled with "abcd"
assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(4));
// buf is empty and has capacity for 60 bytes
assert_eq!(true, buf.try_reclaim(60));

drop(buf);
assert_eq!(false, split.try_reclaim(64));

split.clear();
assert_eq!(4, split.capacity());
assert_eq!(true, split.try_reclaim(64));
assert_eq!(64, split.capacity());

pub fn extend_from_slice(&mut self, extend: &[u8])

将给定字节追加到此 BytesMut。

若此 BytesMut 对象没有足够容量，则先调整大小。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(0);
buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaabbb");
buf.extend_from_slice(b"cccddd");

assert_eq!(b"aaabbbcccddd", &buf[..]);

pub fn extend_from_within(&mut self, range: impl RangeBounds<usize>)

克隆此 BytesMut 中给定 range 范围内的元素，并将其追加到末尾。

Panics

若 range 超出此 BytesMut 的范围则 panic。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(0);
buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaabbb_");
buf.extend_from_within(3..6);

assert_eq!(b"aaabbb_bbb", &buf[..]);

pub fn unsplit(&mut self, other: BytesMut)

若先前分离出的两个 BytesMut 是连续的，则吸收之；否则将其字节追加到此 BytesMut。

若两个 BytesMut 对象先前是连续的，且未以导致重新分配的方式被修改，即 other 是通过对此 BytesMut 调用 split_off 创建的，则此操作为 O(1)，仅减少引用计数并设置一些索引。否则此方法的行为与将 other 的字节追加到 self 末尾相同。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaabbbcccddd");

let split = buf.split_off(6);
assert_eq!(b"aaabbb", &buf[..]);
assert_eq!(b"cccddd", &split[..]);

buf.unsplit(split);
assert_eq!(b"aaabbbcccddd", &buf[..]);

pub fn try_unsplit(&mut self, other: BytesMut) -> Result<(), BytesMut>

吸收先前分离出的 BytesMut。

若两个 BytesMut 对象先前是连续的，即 other 是通过对此 BytesMut 调用 split_off 创建的，则此操作为 O(1)，仅减少引用计数并设置一些索引。否则此方法的行为与将 other 的字节追加到 self 末尾相同。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(64);
buf.extend_from_slice(b"aaabbbcccddd");

let mut split_1 = buf.split_off(3);
let split_2 = split_1.split_off(3);
assert_eq!(b"aaa", &buf[..]);
assert_eq!(b"bbb", &split_1[..]);
assert_eq!(b"cccddd", &split_2[..]);

let split_2 = buf.try_unsplit(split_2).unwrap_err();

buf.try_unsplit(split_1).unwrap();
buf.try_unsplit(split_2).unwrap();
assert_eq!(b"aaabbbcccddd", &buf[..]);

pub fn spare_capacity_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [MaybeUninit<u8>]

将缓冲区的剩余空闲容量作为 MaybeUninit<u8> 切片返回。

返回的切片可用于填充缓冲区数据（例如从文件读取），然后使用 set_len 方法将数据标记为已初始化。

示例

use bytes::BytesMut;

// Allocate buffer big enough for 10 bytes.
let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(10);

// Fill in the first 3 elements.
let uninit = buf.spare_capacity_mut();
uninit[0].write(0);
uninit[1].write(1);
uninit[2].write(2);

// Mark the first 3 bytes of the buffer as being initialized.
unsafe {
    buf.set_len(3);
}

assert_eq!(&buf[..], &[0, 1, 2]);

Methods from Deref<Target = [u8]>

pub fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool

检查本切片中的所有字节是否都在 ASCII 范围内。

An empty slice returns true.

pub fn as_ascii(&self) -> Option<&[AsciiChar]>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (ascii_char)

If this slice is_ascii, returns it as a slice of ASCII characters, otherwise returns None.

pub unsafe fn as_ascii_unchecked(&self) -> &[AsciiChar]

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (ascii_char)

Converts this slice of bytes into a slice of ASCII characters, without checking whether they’re valid.

Safety

Every byte in the slice must be in 0..=127, or else this is UB.

pub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: &[u8]) -> bool

检查两个切片是否在忽略 ASCII 大小写的情况下相等。

Same as to_ascii_lowercase(a) == to_ascii_lowercase(b), but without allocating and copying temporaries.

pub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self)

Converts this slice to its ASCII upper case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new uppercased value without modifying the existing one, use to_ascii_uppercase.

pub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self)

Converts this slice to its ASCII lower case equivalent in-place.

ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To return a new lowercased value without modifying the existing one, use to_ascii_lowercase.

pub fn escape_ascii(&self) -> EscapeAscii<'_>

Returns an iterator that produces an escaped version of this slice, treating it as an ASCII string.

示例

let s = b"0\t\r\n'\"\\\x9d";
let escaped = s.escape_ascii().to_string();
assert_eq!(escaped, "0\\t\\r\\n\\'\\\"\\\\\\x9d");

pub fn trim_ascii_start(&self) -> &[u8]

返回一个去除了开头 ASCII 空白字节的字节切片。

‘Whitespace’ refers to the definition used by u8::is_ascii_whitespace.

示例

assert_eq!(b" \t hello world\n".trim_ascii_start(), b"hello world\n");
assert_eq!(b"  ".trim_ascii_start(), b"");
assert_eq!(b"".trim_ascii_start(), b"");

pub fn trim_ascii_end(&self) -> &[u8]

返回一个去除了末尾 ASCII 空白字节的字节切片。

‘Whitespace’ refers to the definition used by u8::is_ascii_whitespace.

示例

assert_eq!(b"\r hello world\n ".trim_ascii_end(), b"\r hello world");
assert_eq!(b"  ".trim_ascii_end(), b"");
assert_eq!(b"".trim_ascii_end(), b"");

pub fn trim_ascii(&self) -> &[u8]

Returns a byte slice with leading and trailing ASCII whitespace bytes removed.

‘Whitespace’ refers to the definition used by u8::is_ascii_whitespace.

示例

assert_eq!(b"\r hello world\n ".trim_ascii(), b"hello world");
assert_eq!(b"  ".trim_ascii(), b"");
assert_eq!(b"".trim_ascii(), b"");

pub fn len(&self) -> usize

返回切片中元素的数量。

示例

let a = [1, 2, 3];
assert_eq!(a.len(), 3);

pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the slice has a length of 0.

示例

let a = [1, 2, 3];
assert!(!a.is_empty());

let b: &[i32] = &[];
assert!(b.is_empty());

pub fn first(&self) -> Option<&T>

Returns the first element of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&10), v.first());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(None, w.first());

pub fn first_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable reference to the first element of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(first) = x.first_mut() {
    *first = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[5, 1, 2]);

let y: &mut [i32] = &mut [];
assert_eq!(None, y.first_mut());

pub fn split_first(&self) -> Option<(&T, &[T])>

Returns the first and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let x = &[0, 1, 2];

if let Some((first, elements)) = x.split_first() {
    assert_eq!(first, &0);
    assert_eq!(elements, &[1, 2]);
}

pub fn split_first_mut(&mut self) -> Option<(&mut T, &mut [T])>

Returns the first and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some((first, elements)) = x.split_first_mut() {
    *first = 3;
    elements[0] = 4;
    elements[1] = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 5]);

pub fn split_last(&self) -> Option<(&T, &[T])>

Returns the last and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let x = &[0, 1, 2];

if let Some((last, elements)) = x.split_last() {
    assert_eq!(last, &2);
    assert_eq!(elements, &[0, 1]);
}

pub fn split_last_mut(&mut self) -> Option<(&mut T, &mut [T])>

Returns the last and all the rest of the elements of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some((last, elements)) = x.split_last_mut() {
    *last = 3;
    elements[0] = 4;
    elements[1] = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[4, 5, 3]);

pub fn last(&self) -> Option<&T>

Returns the last element of the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&30), v.last());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(None, w.last());

pub fn last_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut T>

Returns a mutable reference to the last item in the slice, or None if it is empty.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(last) = x.last_mut() {
    *last = 10;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[0, 1, 10]);

let y: &mut [i32] = &mut [];
assert_eq!(None, y.last_mut());

pub fn first_chunk<const N: usize>(&self) -> Option<&[T; N]>

Returns an array reference to the first N items in the slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let u = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&[10, 40]), u.first_chunk::<2>());

let v: &[i32] = &[10];
assert_eq!(None, v.first_chunk::<2>());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(Some(&[]), w.first_chunk::<0>());

pub fn first_chunk_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut [T; N]>

Returns a mutable array reference to the first N items in the slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(first) = x.first_chunk_mut::<2>() {
    first[0] = 5;
    first[1] = 4;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[5, 4, 2]);

assert_eq!(None, x.first_chunk_mut::<4>());

pub fn split_first_chunk<const N: usize>(&self) -> Option<(&[T; N], &[T])>

Returns an array reference to the first N items in the slice and the remaining slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let x = &[0, 1, 2];

if let Some((first, elements)) = x.split_first_chunk::<2>() {
    assert_eq!(first, &[0, 1]);
    assert_eq!(elements, &[2]);
}

assert_eq!(None, x.split_first_chunk::<4>());

pub fn split_first_chunk_mut<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Option<(&mut [T; N], &mut [T])>

Returns a mutable array reference to the first N items in the slice and the remaining slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some((first, elements)) = x.split_first_chunk_mut::<2>() {
    first[0] = 3;
    first[1] = 4;
    elements[0] = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 5]);

assert_eq!(None, x.split_first_chunk_mut::<4>());

pub fn split_last_chunk<const N: usize>(&self) -> Option<(&[T], &[T; N])>

Returns an array reference to the last N items in the slice and the remaining slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let x = &[0, 1, 2];

if let Some((elements, last)) = x.split_last_chunk::<2>() {
    assert_eq!(elements, &[0]);
    assert_eq!(last, &[1, 2]);
}

assert_eq!(None, x.split_last_chunk::<4>());

pub fn split_last_chunk_mut<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Option<(&mut [T], &mut [T; N])>

Returns a mutable array reference to the last N items in the slice and the remaining slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some((elements, last)) = x.split_last_chunk_mut::<2>() {
    last[0] = 3;
    last[1] = 4;
    elements[0] = 5;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[5, 3, 4]);

assert_eq!(None, x.split_last_chunk_mut::<4>());

pub fn last_chunk<const N: usize>(&self) -> Option<&[T; N]>

Returns an array reference to the last N items in the slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let u = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&[40, 30]), u.last_chunk::<2>());

let v: &[i32] = &[10];
assert_eq!(None, v.last_chunk::<2>());

let w: &[i32] = &[];
assert_eq!(Some(&[]), w.last_chunk::<0>());

pub fn last_chunk_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut [T; N]>

Returns a mutable array reference to the last N items in the slice.

If the slice is not at least N in length, this will return None.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(last) = x.last_chunk_mut::<2>() {
    last[0] = 10;
    last[1] = 20;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[0, 10, 20]);

assert_eq!(None, x.last_chunk_mut::<4>());

pub fn get<I>(&self, index: I) -> Option<&<I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output>

where I: SliceIndex<[T]>,

Returns a reference to an element or subslice depending on the type of index.

• If given a position, returns a reference to the element at that position or None if out of bounds.
• If given a range, returns the subslice corresponding to that range, or None if out of bounds.

示例

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(Some(&40), v.get(1));
assert_eq!(Some(&[10, 40][..]), v.get(0..2));
assert_eq!(None, v.get(3));
assert_eq!(None, v.get(0..4));

pub fn get_mut<I>( &mut self, index: I, ) -> Option<&mut <I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output>

where I: SliceIndex<[T]>,

Returns a mutable reference to an element or subslice depending on the type of index (see get) or None if the index is out of bounds.

示例

let x = &mut [0, 1, 2];

if let Some(elem) = x.get_mut(1) {
    *elem = 42;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[0, 42, 2]);

pub unsafe fn get_unchecked<I>( &self, index: I, ) -> &<I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output

where I: SliceIndex<[T]>,

Returns a reference to an element or subslice, without doing bounds checking.

For a safe alternative see get.

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.

You can think of this like .get(index).unwrap_unchecked(). It’s UB to call .get_unchecked(len), even if you immediately convert to a pointer. And it’s UB to call .get_unchecked(..len + 1), .get_unchecked(..=len), or similar.

示例

let x = &[1, 2, 4];

unsafe {
    assert_eq!(x.get_unchecked(1), &2);
}

pub unsafe fn get_unchecked_mut<I>( &mut self, index: I, ) -> &mut <I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output

where I: SliceIndex<[T]>,

Returns a mutable reference to an element or subslice, without doing bounds checking.

For a safe alternative see get_mut.

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used.

You can think of this like .get_mut(index).unwrap_unchecked(). It’s UB to call .get_unchecked_mut(len), even if you immediately convert to a pointer. And it’s UB to call .get_unchecked_mut(..len + 1), .get_unchecked_mut(..=len), or similar.

示例

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];

unsafe {
    let elem = x.get_unchecked_mut(1);
    *elem = 13;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[1, 13, 4]);

pub fn as_ptr(&self) -> *const T

Returns a raw pointer to the slice’s buffer.

The caller must ensure that the slice outlives the pointer this function returns, or else it will end up dangling.

The caller must also ensure that the memory the pointer (non-transitively) points to is never written to (except inside an UnsafeCell) using this pointer or any pointer derived from it. If you need to mutate the contents of the slice, use as_mut_ptr.

Modifying the container referenced by this slice may cause its buffer to be reallocated, which would also make any pointers to it invalid.

示例

let x = &[1, 2, 4];
let x_ptr = x.as_ptr();

unsafe {
    for i in 0..x.len() {
        assert_eq!(x.get_unchecked(i), &*x_ptr.add(i));
    }
}

pub fn as_mut_ptr(&mut self) -> *mut T

Returns an unsafe mutable pointer to the slice’s buffer.

The caller must ensure that the slice outlives the pointer this function returns, or else it will end up dangling.

Modifying the container referenced by this slice may cause its buffer to be reallocated, which would also make any pointers to it invalid.

示例

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];
let x_ptr = x.as_mut_ptr();

unsafe {
    for i in 0..x.len() {
        *x_ptr.add(i) += 2;
    }
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 6]);

pub fn as_ptr_range(&self) -> Range<*const T>

Returns the two raw pointers spanning the slice.

The returned range is half-open, which means that the end pointer points one past the last element of the slice. This way, an empty slice is represented by two equal pointers, and the difference between the two pointers represents the size of the slice.

See as_ptr for warnings on using these pointers. The end pointer requires extra caution, as it does not point to a valid element in the slice.

This function is useful for interacting with foreign interfaces which use two pointers to refer to a range of elements in memory, as is common in C++.

It can also be useful to check if a pointer to an element refers to an element of this slice:

let a = [1, 2, 3];
let x = &a[1] as *const _;
let y = &5 as *const _;

assert!(a.as_ptr_range().contains(&x));
assert!(!a.as_ptr_range().contains(&y));

pub fn as_mut_ptr_range(&mut self) -> Range<*mut T>

Returns the two unsafe mutable pointers spanning the slice.

The returned range is half-open, which means that the end pointer points one past the last element of the slice. This way, an empty slice is represented by two equal pointers, and the difference between the two pointers represents the size of the slice.

See as_mut_ptr for warnings on using these pointers. The end pointer requires extra caution, as it does not point to a valid element in the slice.

This function is useful for interacting with foreign interfaces which use two pointers to refer to a range of elements in memory, as is common in C++.

pub fn as_array<const N: usize>(&self) -> Option<&[T; N]>

Gets a reference to the underlying array.

If N is not exactly equal to the length of self, then this method returns None.

pub fn as_mut_array<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> Option<&mut [T; N]>

Gets a mutable reference to the slice’s underlying array.

If N is not exactly equal to the length of self, then this method returns None.

pub fn swap(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize)

Swaps two elements in the slice.

If a equals to b, it’s guaranteed that elements won’t change value.

Arguments

• a - The index of the first element
• b - The index of the second element

Panics

Panics if a or b are out of bounds.

示例

let mut v = ["a", "b", "c", "d", "e"];
v.swap(2, 4);
assert!(v == ["a", "b", "e", "d", "c"]);

pub unsafe fn swap_unchecked(&mut self, a: usize, b: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_swap_unchecked)

Swaps two elements in the slice, without doing bounds checking.

For a safe alternative see swap.

Arguments

• a - The index of the first element
• b - The index of the second element

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior. The caller has to ensure that a < self.len() and b < self.len().

示例

#![feature(slice_swap_unchecked)]

let mut v = ["a", "b", "c", "d"];
// SAFETY: we know that 1 and 3 are both indices of the slice
unsafe { v.swap_unchecked(1, 3) };
assert!(v == ["a", "d", "c", "b"]);

pub fn reverse(&mut self)

Reverses the order of elements in the slice, in place.

示例

let mut v = [1, 2, 3];
v.reverse();
assert!(v == [3, 2, 1]);

pub fn iter(&self) -> Iter<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over the slice.

迭代器产出从 start 到 end 的全部项。

示例

let x = &[1, 2, 4];
let mut iterator = x.iter();

assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&1));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&2));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), Some(&4));
assert_eq!(iterator.next(), None);

pub fn iter_mut(&mut self) -> IterMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator that allows modifying each value.

迭代器产出从 start 到 end 的全部项。

示例

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];
for elem in x.iter_mut() {
    *elem += 2;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[3, 4, 6]);

pub fn windows(&self, size: usize) -> Windows<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over all contiguous windows of length size. The windows overlap. If the slice is shorter than size, the iterator returns no values.

Panics

Panics if size is zero.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.windows(3);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l', 'o', 'r']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['o', 'r', 'e']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'e', 'm']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If the slice is shorter than size:

let slice = ['f', 'o', 'o'];
let mut iter = slice.windows(4);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

Because the Iterator trait cannot represent the required lifetimes, there is no windows_mut analog to windows; [0,1,2].windows_mut(2).collect() would violate the rules of references (though a LendingIterator analog is possible). You can sometimes use Cell::as_slice_of_cells in conjunction with windows instead:

use std::cell::Cell;

let mut array = ['R', 'u', 's', 't', ' ', '2', '0', '1', '5'];
let slice = &mut array[..];
let slice_of_cells: &[Cell<char>] = Cell::from_mut(slice).as_slice_of_cells();
for w in slice_of_cells.windows(3) {
    Cell::swap(&w[0], &w[2]);
}
assert_eq!(array, ['s', 't', ' ', '2', '0', '1', '5', 'u', 'R']);

pub fn chunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> Chunks<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See chunks_exact for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and rchunks for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_chunks instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.chunks(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l', 'o']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'e']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['m']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn chunks_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See chunks_exact_mut for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and rchunks_mut for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_chunks_mut instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.chunks_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 3]);

pub fn chunks_exact(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksExact<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks.

See chunks for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and rchunks_exact for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_chunks instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.chunks_exact(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l', 'o']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['r', 'e']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());
assert_eq!(iter.remainder(), &['m']);

pub fn chunks_exact_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> ChunksExactMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the beginning of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the into_remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks_mut.

See chunks_mut for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and rchunks_exact_mut for the same iterator but starting at the end of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_chunks_mut instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.chunks_exact_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 0]);

pub unsafe fn as_chunks_unchecked<const N: usize>(&self) -> &[[T; N]]

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, assuming that there’s no remainder.

This is the inverse operation to as_flattened.

As this is unsafe, consider whether you could use as_chunks or as_rchunks instead, perhaps via something like if let (chunks, []) = slice.as_chunks() or let (chunks, []) = slice.as_chunks() else { unreachable!() };.

Safety

本方法只能在满足以下条件时调用：

• The slice splits exactly into N-element chunks (aka self.len() % N == 0).
• N != 0.

示例

let slice: &[char] = &['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm', '!'];
let chunks: &[[char; 1]] =
    // SAFETY: 1-element chunks never have remainder
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked() };
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['l'], ['o'], ['r'], ['e'], ['m'], ['!']]);
let chunks: &[[char; 3]] =
    // SAFETY: The slice length (6) is a multiple of 3
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked() };
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['l', 'o', 'r'], ['e', 'm', '!']]);

// These would be unsound:
// let chunks: &[[_; 5]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked() // The slice length is not a multiple of 5
// let chunks: &[[_; 0]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked() // Zero-length chunks are never allowed

pub fn as_chunks<const N: usize>(&self) -> (&[[T; N]], &[T])

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the beginning of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

The remainder is meaningful in the division sense. Given let (chunks, remainder) = slice.as_chunks(), then:

• chunks.len() equals slice.len() / N,
• remainder.len() equals slice.len() % N, and
• slice.len() equals chunks.len() * N + remainder.len().

You can flatten the chunks back into a slice-of-T with as_flattened.

Panics

Panics if N is zero.

Note that this check is against a const generic parameter, not a runtime value, and thus a particular monomorphization will either always panic or it will never panic.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let (chunks, remainder) = slice.as_chunks();
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['l', 'o'], ['r', 'e']]);
assert_eq!(remainder, &['m']);

If you expect the slice to be an exact multiple, you can combine let-else with an empty slice pattern:

let slice = ['R', 'u', 's', 't'];
let (chunks, []) = slice.as_chunks::<2>() else {
    panic!("slice didn't have even length")
};
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['R', 'u'], ['s', 't']]);

pub fn as_rchunks<const N: usize>(&self) -> (&[T], &[[T; N]])

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the end of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

The remainder is meaningful in the division sense. Given let (remainder, chunks) = slice.as_rchunks(), then:

• remainder.len() equals slice.len() % N,
• chunks.len() equals slice.len() / N, and
• slice.len() equals chunks.len() * N + remainder.len().

You can flatten the chunks back into a slice-of-T with as_flattened.

Panics

Panics if N is zero.

Note that this check is against a const generic parameter, not a runtime value, and thus a particular monomorphization will either always panic or it will never panic.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let (remainder, chunks) = slice.as_rchunks();
assert_eq!(remainder, &['l']);
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['o', 'r'], ['e', 'm']]);

pub unsafe fn as_chunks_unchecked_mut<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> &mut [[T; N]]

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, assuming that there’s no remainder.

This is the inverse operation to as_flattened_mut.

As this is unsafe, consider whether you could use as_chunks_mut or as_rchunks_mut instead, perhaps via something like if let (chunks, []) = slice.as_chunks_mut() or let (chunks, []) = slice.as_chunks_mut() else { unreachable!() };.

Safety

本方法只能在满足以下条件时调用：

• The slice splits exactly into N-element chunks (aka self.len() % N == 0).
• N != 0.

示例

let slice: &mut [char] = &mut ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm', '!'];
let chunks: &mut [[char; 1]] =
    // SAFETY: 1-element chunks never have remainder
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() };
chunks[0] = ['L'];
assert_eq!(chunks, &[['L'], ['o'], ['r'], ['e'], ['m'], ['!']]);
let chunks: &mut [[char; 3]] =
    // SAFETY: The slice length (6) is a multiple of 3
    unsafe { slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() };
chunks[1] = ['a', 'x', '?'];
assert_eq!(slice, &['L', 'o', 'r', 'a', 'x', '?']);

// These would be unsound:
// let chunks: &[[_; 5]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() // The slice length is not a multiple of 5
// let chunks: &[[_; 0]] = slice.as_chunks_unchecked_mut() // Zero-length chunks are never allowed

pub fn as_chunks_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> (&mut [[T; N]], &mut [T])

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the beginning of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

The remainder is meaningful in the division sense. Given let (chunks, remainder) = slice.as_chunks_mut(), then:

• chunks.len() equals slice.len() / N,
• remainder.len() equals slice.len() % N, and
• slice.len() equals chunks.len() * N + remainder.len().

You can flatten the chunks back into a slice-of-T with as_flattened_mut.

Panics

Panics if N is zero.

Note that this check is against a const generic parameter, not a runtime value, and thus a particular monomorphization will either always panic or it will never panic.

示例

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

let (chunks, remainder) = v.as_chunks_mut();
remainder[0] = 9;
for chunk in chunks {
    *chunk = [count; 2];
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 1, 2, 2, 9]);

pub fn as_rchunks_mut<const N: usize>(&mut self) -> (&mut [T], &mut [[T; N]])

Splits the slice into a slice of N-element arrays, starting at the end of the slice, and a remainder slice with length strictly less than N.

The remainder is meaningful in the division sense. Given let (remainder, chunks) = slice.as_rchunks_mut(), then:

• remainder.len() equals slice.len() % N,
• chunks.len() equals slice.len() / N, and
• slice.len() equals chunks.len() * N + remainder.len().

You can flatten the chunks back into a slice-of-T with as_flattened_mut.

Panics

Panics if N is zero.

Note that this check is against a const generic parameter, not a runtime value, and thus a particular monomorphization will either always panic or it will never panic.

示例

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

let (remainder, chunks) = v.as_rchunks_mut();
remainder[0] = 9;
for chunk in chunks {
    *chunk = [count; 2];
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[9, 1, 1, 2, 2]);

pub fn array_windows<const N: usize>(&self) -> ArrayWindows<'_, T, N>

Returns an iterator over overlapping windows of N elements of a slice, starting at the beginning of the slice.

This is the const generic equivalent of windows.

If N is greater than the size of the slice, it will return no windows.

Panics

Panics if N is zero.

Note that this check is against a const generic parameter, not a runtime value, and thus a particular monomorphization will either always panic or it will never panic.

示例

let slice = [0, 1, 2, 3];
let mut iter = slice.array_windows();
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[0, 1]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[1, 2]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[2, 3]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn rchunks(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunks<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See rchunks_exact for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and chunks for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_rchunks instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.rchunks(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['e', 'm']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['o', 'r']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['l']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn rchunks_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last chunk will not have length chunk_size.

See rchunks_exact_mut for a variant of this iterator that returns chunks of always exactly chunk_size elements, and chunks_mut for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_rchunks_mut instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.rchunks_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[3, 2, 2, 1, 1]);

pub fn rchunks_exact(&self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksExact<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are slices and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of rchunks.

See rchunks for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and chunks_exact for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_rchunks instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let slice = ['l', 'o', 'r', 'e', 'm'];
let mut iter = slice.rchunks_exact(2);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['e', 'm']);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &['o', 'r']);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());
assert_eq!(iter.remainder(), &['l']);

pub fn rchunks_exact_mut(&mut self, chunk_size: usize) -> RChunksExactMut<'_, T>

Returns an iterator over chunk_size elements of the slice at a time, starting at the end of the slice.

The chunks are mutable slices, and do not overlap. If chunk_size does not divide the length of the slice, then the last up to chunk_size-1 elements will be omitted and can be retrieved from the into_remainder function of the iterator.

Due to each chunk having exactly chunk_size elements, the compiler can often optimize the resulting code better than in the case of chunks_mut.

See rchunks_mut for a variant of this iterator that also returns the remainder as a smaller chunk, and chunks_exact_mut for the same iterator but starting at the beginning of the slice.

If your chunk_size is a constant, consider using as_rchunks_mut instead, which will give references to arrays of exactly that length, rather than slices.

Panics

Panics if chunk_size is zero.

示例

let v = &mut [0, 0, 0, 0, 0];
let mut count = 1;

for chunk in v.rchunks_exact_mut(2) {
    for elem in chunk.iter_mut() {
        *elem += count;
    }
    count += 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[0, 2, 2, 1, 1]);

pub fn chunk_by<F>(&self, pred: F) -> ChunkBy<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over the slice producing non-overlapping runs of elements using the predicate to separate them.

The predicate is called for every pair of consecutive elements, meaning that it is called on slice[0] and slice[1], followed by slice[1] and slice[2], and so on.

示例

let slice = &[1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2];

let mut iter = slice.chunk_by(|a, b| a == b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[1, 1, 1][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[3, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[2, 2, 2][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

本方法可用于提取已排序的子切片：

let slice = &[1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4];

let mut iter = slice.chunk_by(|a, b| a <= b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[1, 1, 2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&[2, 3, 4][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

pub fn chunk_by_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> ChunkByMut<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over the slice producing non-overlapping mutable runs of elements using the predicate to separate them.

The predicate is called for every pair of consecutive elements, meaning that it is called on slice[0] and slice[1], followed by slice[1] and slice[2], and so on.

示例

let slice = &mut [1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 2, 2, 2];

let mut iter = slice.chunk_by_mut(|a, b| a == b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [1, 1, 1][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [3, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [2, 2, 2][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

本方法可用于提取已排序的子切片：

let slice = &mut [1, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4];

let mut iter = slice.chunk_by_mut(|a, b| a <= b);

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [1, 1, 2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [2, 3][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(&mut [2, 3, 4][..]));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

pub fn split_at(&self, mid: usize) -> (&[T], &[T])

Divides one slice into two at an index.

The first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

Panics

Panics if mid > len. For a non-panicking alternative see split_at_checked.

示例

let v = ['a', 'b', 'c'];

{
   let (left, right) = v.split_at(0);
   assert_eq!(left, []);
   assert_eq!(right, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
}

{
    let (left, right) = v.split_at(2);
    assert_eq!(left, ['a', 'b']);
    assert_eq!(right, ['c']);
}

{
    let (left, right) = v.split_at(3);
    assert_eq!(left, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
    assert_eq!(right, []);
}

pub fn split_at_mut(&mut self, mid: usize) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

Divides one mutable slice into two at an index.

The first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

Panics

Panics if mid > len. For a non-panicking alternative see split_at_mut_checked.

示例

let mut v = [1, 0, 3, 0, 5, 6];
let (left, right) = v.split_at_mut(2);
assert_eq!(left, [1, 0]);
assert_eq!(right, [3, 0, 5, 6]);
left[1] = 2;
right[1] = 4;
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);

pub unsafe fn split_at_unchecked(&self, mid: usize) -> (&[T], &[T])

Divides one slice into two at an index, without doing bounds checking.

The first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

For a safe alternative see split_at.

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used. The caller has to ensure that 0 <= mid <= self.len().

示例

let v = ['a', 'b', 'c'];

unsafe {
   let (left, right) = v.split_at_unchecked(0);
   assert_eq!(left, []);
   assert_eq!(right, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
}

unsafe {
    let (left, right) = v.split_at_unchecked(2);
    assert_eq!(left, ['a', 'b']);
    assert_eq!(right, ['c']);
}

unsafe {
    let (left, right) = v.split_at_unchecked(3);
    assert_eq!(left, ['a', 'b', 'c']);
    assert_eq!(right, []);
}

pub unsafe fn split_at_mut_unchecked( &mut self, mid: usize, ) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

Divides one mutable slice into two at an index, without doing bounds checking.

The first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

For a safe alternative see split_at_mut.

Safety

Calling this method with an out-of-bounds index is undefined behavior even if the resulting reference is not used. The caller has to ensure that 0 <= mid <= self.len().

示例

let mut v = [1, 0, 3, 0, 5, 6];
// scoped to restrict the lifetime of the borrows
unsafe {
    let (left, right) = v.split_at_mut_unchecked(2);
    assert_eq!(left, [1, 0]);
    assert_eq!(right, [3, 0, 5, 6]);
    left[1] = 2;
    right[1] = 4;
}
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);

pub fn split_at_checked(&self, mid: usize) -> Option<(&[T], &[T])>

Divides one slice into two at an index, returning None if the slice is too short.

If mid ≤ len returns a pair of slices where the first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

Otherwise, if mid > len, returns None.

示例

let v = [1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6];

{
   let (left, right) = v.split_at_checked(0).unwrap();
   assert_eq!(left, []);
   assert_eq!(right, [1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6]);
}

{
    let (left, right) = v.split_at_checked(2).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(left, [1, -2]);
    assert_eq!(right, [3, -4, 5, -6]);
}

{
    let (left, right) = v.split_at_checked(6).unwrap();
    assert_eq!(left, [1, -2, 3, -4, 5, -6]);
    assert_eq!(right, []);
}

assert_eq!(None, v.split_at_checked(7));

pub fn split_at_mut_checked( &mut self, mid: usize, ) -> Option<(&mut [T], &mut [T])>

Divides one mutable slice into two at an index, returning None if the slice is too short.

If mid ≤ len returns a pair of slices where the first will contain all indices from [0, mid) (excluding the index mid itself) and the second will contain all indices from [mid, len) (excluding the index len itself).

Otherwise, if mid > len, returns None.

示例

let mut v = [1, 0, 3, 0, 5, 6];

if let Some((left, right)) = v.split_at_mut_checked(2) {
    assert_eq!(left, [1, 0]);
    assert_eq!(right, [3, 0, 5, 6]);
    left[1] = 2;
    right[1] = 4;
}
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);

assert_eq!(None, v.split_at_mut_checked(7));

pub fn split<F>(&self, pred: F) -> Split<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

示例

let slice = [10, 40, 33, 20];
let mut iter = slice.split(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[20]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If the first element is matched, an empty slice will be the first item returned by the iterator. Similarly, if the last element in the slice is matched, an empty slice will be the last item returned by the iterator:

let slice = [10, 40, 33];
let mut iter = slice.split(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If two matched elements are directly adjacent, an empty slice will be present between them:

let slice = [10, 6, 33, 20];
let mut iter = slice.split(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[20]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn split_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> SplitMut<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

示例

let mut v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.split_mut(|num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    group[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, [1, 40, 30, 1, 60, 1]);

pub fn split_inclusive<F>(&self, pred: F) -> SplitInclusive<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is contained in the end of the previous subslice as a terminator.

示例

let slice = [10, 40, 33, 20];
let mut iter = slice.split_inclusive(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40, 33]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[20]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

If the last element of the slice is matched, that element will be considered the terminator of the preceding slice. That slice will be the last item returned by the iterator.

let slice = [3, 10, 40, 33];
let mut iter = slice.split_inclusive(|num| num % 3 == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[3]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[10, 40, 33]);
assert!(iter.next().is_none());

pub fn split_inclusive_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> SplitInclusiveMut<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred. The matched element is contained in the previous subslice as a terminator.

示例

let mut v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.split_inclusive_mut(|num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    let terminator_idx = group.len()-1;
    group[terminator_idx] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, [10, 40, 1, 20, 1, 1]);

pub fn rsplit<F>(&self, pred: F) -> RSplit<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred, starting at the end of the slice and working backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

示例

let slice = [11, 22, 33, 0, 44, 55];
let mut iter = slice.rsplit(|num| *num == 0);

assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[44, 55]);
assert_eq!(iter.next().unwrap(), &[11, 22, 33]);
assert_eq!(iter.next(), None);

As with split(), if the first or last element is matched, an empty slice will be the first (or last) item returned by the iterator.

let v = &[0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8];
let mut it = v.rsplit(|n| *n % 2 == 0);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[3, 5]);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[1, 1]);
assert_eq!(it.next().unwrap(), &[]);
assert_eq!(it.next(), None);

pub fn rsplit_mut<F>(&mut self, pred: F) -> RSplitMut<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred, starting at the end of the slice and working backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

示例

let mut v = [100, 400, 300, 200, 600, 500];

let mut count = 0;
for group in v.rsplit_mut(|num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    count += 1;
    group[0] = count;
}
assert_eq!(v, [3, 400, 300, 2, 600, 1]);

pub fn splitn<F>(&self, n: usize, pred: F) -> SplitN<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred, limited to returning at most n items. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

示例

Print the slice split once by numbers divisible by 3 (i.e., [10, 40], [20, 60, 50]):

let v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.splitn(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    println!("{group:?}");
}

pub fn splitn_mut<F>(&mut self, n: usize, pred: F) -> SplitNMut<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over mutable subslices separated by elements that match pred, limited to returning at most n items. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

示例

let mut v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.splitn_mut(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    group[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, [1, 40, 30, 1, 60, 50]);

pub fn rsplitn<F>(&self, n: usize, pred: F) -> RSplitN<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred limited to returning at most n items. This starts at the end of the slice and works backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

示例

Print the slice split once, starting from the end, by numbers divisible by 3 (i.e., [50], [10, 40, 30, 20]):

let v = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in v.rsplitn(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    println!("{group:?}");
}

pub fn rsplitn_mut<F>(&mut self, n: usize, pred: F) -> RSplitNMut<'_, T, F>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns an iterator over subslices separated by elements that match pred limited to returning at most n items. This starts at the end of the slice and works backwards. The matched element is not contained in the subslices.

The last element returned, if any, will contain the remainder of the slice.

示例

let mut s = [10, 40, 30, 20, 60, 50];

for group in s.rsplitn_mut(2, |num| *num % 3 == 0) {
    group[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(s, [1, 40, 30, 20, 60, 1]);

pub fn split_once<F>(&self, pred: F) -> Option<(&[T], &[T])>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_split_once)

Splits the slice on the first element that matches the specified predicate.

If any matching elements are present in the slice, returns the prefix before the match and suffix after. The matching element itself is not included. If no elements match, returns None.

示例

#![feature(slice_split_once)]
let s = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4];
assert_eq!(s.split_once(|&x| x == 2), Some((
    &[1][..],
    &[3, 2, 4][..]
)));
assert_eq!(s.split_once(|&x| x == 0), None);

pub fn rsplit_once<F>(&self, pred: F) -> Option<(&[T], &[T])>

where F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_split_once)

Splits the slice on the last element that matches the specified predicate.

If any matching elements are present in the slice, returns the prefix before the match and suffix after. The matching element itself is not included. If no elements match, returns None.

示例

#![feature(slice_split_once)]
let s = [1, 2, 3, 2, 4];
assert_eq!(s.rsplit_once(|&x| x == 2), Some((
    &[1, 2, 3][..],
    &[4][..]
)));
assert_eq!(s.rsplit_once(|&x| x == 0), None);

pub fn contains(&self, x: &T) -> bool

where T: PartialEq,

Returns true if the slice contains an element with the given value.

This operation is O(n).

Note that if you have a sorted slice, binary_search may be faster.

示例

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.contains(&30));
assert!(!v.contains(&50));

If you do not have a &T, but some other value that you can compare with one (for example, String implements PartialEq<str>), you can use iter().any:

let v = [String::from("hello"), String::from("world")]; // slice of `String`
assert!(v.iter().any(|e| e == "hello")); // search with `&str`
assert!(!v.iter().any(|e| e == "hi"));

pub fn starts_with(&self, needle: &[T]) -> bool

where T: PartialEq,

Returns true if needle is a prefix of the slice or equal to the slice.

示例

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.starts_with(&[10]));
assert!(v.starts_with(&[10, 40]));
assert!(v.starts_with(&v));
assert!(!v.starts_with(&[50]));
assert!(!v.starts_with(&[10, 50]));

Always returns true if needle is an empty slice:

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.starts_with(&[]));
let v: &[u8] = &[];
assert!(v.starts_with(&[]));

pub fn ends_with(&self, needle: &[T]) -> bool

where T: PartialEq,

Returns true if needle is a suffix of the slice or equal to the slice.

示例

let v = [10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.ends_with(&[30]));
assert!(v.ends_with(&[40, 30]));
assert!(v.ends_with(&v));
assert!(!v.ends_with(&[50]));
assert!(!v.ends_with(&[50, 30]));

Always returns true if needle is an empty slice:

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert!(v.ends_with(&[]));
let v: &[u8] = &[];
assert!(v.ends_with(&[]));

pub fn strip_prefix<P>(&self, prefix: &P) -> Option<&[T]>

where P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, T: PartialEq,

Returns a subslice with the prefix removed.

If the slice starts with prefix, returns the subslice after the prefix, wrapped in Some. If prefix is empty, simply returns the original slice. If prefix is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice.

If the slice does not start with prefix, returns None.

示例

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10]), Some(&[40, 30][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 40]), Some(&[30][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 40, 30]), Some(&[][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[50]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_prefix(&[10, 50]), None);

let prefix : &str = "he";
assert_eq!(b"hello".strip_prefix(prefix.as_bytes()),
           Some(b"llo".as_ref()));

pub fn strip_suffix<P>(&self, suffix: &P) -> Option<&[T]>

where P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, T: PartialEq,

Returns a subslice with the suffix removed.

If the slice ends with suffix, returns the subslice before the suffix, wrapped in Some. If suffix is empty, simply returns the original slice. If suffix is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice.

If the slice does not end with suffix, returns None.

示例

let v = &[10, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[30]), Some(&[10, 40][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[40, 30]), Some(&[10][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[10, 40, 30]), Some(&[][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[50]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_suffix(&[50, 30]), None);

pub fn strip_circumfix<S, P>(&self, prefix: &P, suffix: &S) -> Option<&[T]>

where T: PartialEq, S: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (strip_circumfix)

Returns a subslice with the prefix and suffix removed.

If the slice starts with prefix and ends with suffix, returns the subslice after the prefix and before the suffix, wrapped in Some.

If the slice does not start with prefix or does not end with suffix, returns None.

示例

#![feature(strip_circumfix)]

let v = &[10, 50, 40, 30];
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[10], &[30]), Some(&[50, 40][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[10], &[40, 30]), Some(&[50][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[10, 50], &[40, 30]), Some(&[][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[50], &[30]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[10], &[40]), None);
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[], &[40, 30]), Some(&[10, 50][..]));
assert_eq!(v.strip_circumfix(&[10, 50], &[]), Some(&[40, 30][..]));

pub fn trim_prefix<P>(&self, prefix: &P) -> &[T]

where P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, T: PartialEq,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (trim_prefix_suffix)

Returns a subslice with the optional prefix removed.

If the slice starts with prefix, returns the subslice after the prefix. If prefix is empty or the slice does not start with prefix, simply returns the original slice. If prefix is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice.

示例

#![feature(trim_prefix_suffix)]

let v = &[10, 40, 30];

// Prefix present - removes it
assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10]), &[40, 30][..]);
assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10, 40]), &[30][..]);
assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10, 40, 30]), &[][..]);

// Prefix absent - returns original slice
assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[50]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);
assert_eq!(v.trim_prefix(&[10, 50]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);

let prefix : &str = "he";
assert_eq!(b"hello".trim_prefix(prefix.as_bytes()), b"llo".as_ref());

pub fn trim_suffix<P>(&self, suffix: &P) -> &[T]

where P: SlicePattern<Item = T> + ?Sized, T: PartialEq,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (trim_prefix_suffix)

Returns a subslice with the optional suffix removed.

If the slice ends with suffix, returns the subslice before the suffix. If suffix is empty or the slice does not end with suffix, simply returns the original slice. If suffix is equal to the original slice, returns an empty slice.

示例

#![feature(trim_prefix_suffix)]

let v = &[10, 40, 30];

// Suffix present - removes it
assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[30]), &[10, 40][..]);
assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[40, 30]), &[10][..]);
assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[10, 40, 30]), &[][..]);

// Suffix absent - returns original slice
assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[50]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);
assert_eq!(v.trim_suffix(&[50, 30]), &[10, 40, 30][..]);

pub fn binary_search(&self, x: &T) -> Result<usize, usize>

where T: Ord,

Binary searches this slice for a given element. If the slice is not sorted, the returned result is unspecified and meaningless.

If the value is found then Result::Ok is returned, containing the index of the matching element. If there are multiple matches, then any one of the matches could be returned. The index is chosen deterministically, but is subject to change in future versions of Rust. If the value is not found then Result::Err is returned, containing the index where a matching element could be inserted while maintaining sorted order.

See also binary_search_by, binary_search_by_key, and partition_point.

示例

Looks up a series of four elements. The first is found, with a uniquely determined position; the second and third are not found; the fourth could match any position in [1, 4].

let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&13),  Ok(9));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&4),   Err(7));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&100), Err(13));
let r = s.binary_search(&1);
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });

If you want to find that whole range of matching items, rather than an arbitrary matching one, that can be done using partition_point:

let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

let low = s.partition_point(|x| x < &1);
assert_eq!(low, 1);
let high = s.partition_point(|x| x <= &1);
assert_eq!(high, 5);
let r = s.binary_search(&1);
assert!((low..high).contains(&r.unwrap()));

assert!(s[..low].iter().all(|&x| x < 1));
assert!(s[low..high].iter().all(|&x| x == 1));
assert!(s[high..].iter().all(|&x| x > 1));

// For something not found, the "range" of equal items is empty
assert_eq!(s.partition_point(|x| x < &11), 9);
assert_eq!(s.partition_point(|x| x <= &11), 9);
assert_eq!(s.binary_search(&11), Err(9));

If you want to insert an item to a sorted vector, while maintaining sort order, consider using partition_point:

let mut s = vec![0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];
let num = 42;
let idx = s.partition_point(|&x| x <= num);
// If `num` is unique, `s.partition_point(|&x| x < num)` (with `<`) is equivalent to
// `s.binary_search(&num).unwrap_or_else(|x| x)`, but using `<=` will allow `insert`
// to shift less elements.
s.insert(idx, num);
assert_eq!(s, [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 42, 55]);

pub fn binary_search_by<'a, F>(&'a self, f: F) -> Result<usize, usize>

where F: FnMut(&'a T) -> Ordering,

Binary searches this slice with a comparator function.

The comparator function should return an order code that indicates whether its argument is Less, Equal or Greater the desired target. If the slice is not sorted or if the comparator function does not implement an order consistent with the sort order of the underlying slice, the returned result is unspecified and meaningless.

If the value is found then Result::Ok is returned, containing the index of the matching element. If there are multiple matches, then any one of the matches could be returned. The index is chosen deterministically, but is subject to change in future versions of Rust. If the value is not found then Result::Err is returned, containing the index where a matching element could be inserted while maintaining sorted order.

See also binary_search, binary_search_by_key, and partition_point.

示例

Looks up a series of four elements. The first is found, with a uniquely determined position; the second and third are not found; the fourth could match any position in [1, 4].

let s = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];

let seek = 13;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Ok(9));
let seek = 4;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Err(7));
let seek = 100;
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek)), Err(13));
let seek = 1;
let r = s.binary_search_by(|probe| probe.cmp(&seek));
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });

pub fn binary_search_by_key<'a, B, F>( &'a self, b: &B, f: F, ) -> Result<usize, usize>

where F: FnMut(&'a T) -> B, B: Ord,

Binary searches this slice with a key extraction function.

Assumes that the slice is sorted by the key, for instance with sort_by_key using the same key extraction function. If the slice is not sorted by the key, the returned result is unspecified and meaningless.

If the value is found then Result::Ok is returned, containing the index of the matching element. If there are multiple matches, then any one of the matches could be returned. The index is chosen deterministically, but is subject to change in future versions of Rust. If the value is not found then Result::Err is returned, containing the index where a matching element could be inserted while maintaining sorted order.

See also binary_search, binary_search_by, and partition_point.

示例

Looks up a series of four elements in a slice of pairs sorted by their second elements. The first is found, with a uniquely determined position; the second and third are not found; the fourth could match any position in [1, 4].

let s = [(0, 0), (2, 1), (4, 1), (5, 1), (3, 1),
         (1, 2), (2, 3), (4, 5), (5, 8), (3, 13),
         (1, 21), (2, 34), (4, 55)];

assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by_key(&13, |&(a, b)| b),  Ok(9));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by_key(&4, |&(a, b)| b),   Err(7));
assert_eq!(s.binary_search_by_key(&100, |&(a, b)| b), Err(13));
let r = s.binary_search_by_key(&1, |&(a, b)| b);
assert!(match r { Ok(1..=4) => true, _ => false, });

pub fn sort_unstable(&mut self)

where T: Ord,

Sorts the slice in ascending order without preserving the initial order of equal elements.

This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

If the implementation of Ord for T does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

For example |a, b| (a - b).cmp(a) is a comparison function that is neither transitive nor reflexive nor total, a < b < c < a with a = 1, b = 2, c = 3. For more information and examples see the Ord documentation.

All original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. Same is true if the implementation of Ord for T panics.

Sorting types that only implement PartialOrd such as f32 and f64 require additional precautions. For example, f32::NAN != f32::NAN, which doesn’t fulfill the reflexivity requirement of Ord. By using an alternative comparison function with slice::sort_unstable_by such as f32::total_cmp or f64::total_cmp that defines a total order users can sort slices containing floating-point values. Alternatively, if all values in the slice are guaranteed to be in a subset for which PartialOrd::partial_cmp forms a total order, it’s possible to sort the slice with sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()).

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on ipnsort by Lukas Bergdoll and Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. On inputs with k distinct elements, the expected time to sort the data is O(n * log(k)).

It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the slice is partially sorted.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for T does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation panics.

示例

let mut v = [4, -5, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort_unstable();
assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

pub fn sort_unstable_by<F>(&mut self, compare: F)

where F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering,

Sorts the slice in ascending order with a comparison function, without preserving the initial order of equal elements.

This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

If the comparison function compare does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

For example |a, b| (a - b).cmp(a) is a comparison function that is neither transitive nor reflexive nor total, a < b < c < a with a = 1, b = 2, c = 3. For more information and examples see the Ord documentation.

All original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. Same is true if compare panics.

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on ipnsort by Lukas Bergdoll and Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. On inputs with k distinct elements, the expected time to sort the data is O(n * log(k)).

It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the slice is partially sorted.

Panics

May panic if the compare does not implement a total order, or if the compare itself panics.

示例

let mut v = [4, -5, 1, -3, 2];
v.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b));
assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

// reverse sorting
v.sort_unstable_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert_eq!(v, [4, 2, 1, -3, -5]);

pub fn sort_unstable_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F)

where F: FnMut(&T) -> K, K: Ord,

Sorts the slice in ascending order with a key extraction function, without preserving the initial order of equal elements.

This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements), in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

If the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

For example |a, b| (a - b).cmp(a) is a comparison function that is neither transitive nor reflexive nor total, a < b < c < a with a = 1, b = 2, c = 3. For more information and examples see the Ord documentation.

All original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. Same is true if the implementation of Ord for K panics.

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on ipnsort by Lukas Bergdoll and Orson Peters, which combines the fast average case of quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. On inputs with k distinct elements, the expected time to sort the data is O(n * log(k)).

It is typically faster than stable sorting, except in a few special cases, e.g., when the slice is partially sorted.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation panics.

示例

let mut v = [4i32, -5, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort_unstable_by_key(|k| k.abs());
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);

pub fn partial_sort_unstable<R>(&mut self, range: R)

where T: Ord, R: RangeBounds<usize>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partial_sort_unstable)

Partially sorts the slice in ascending order without preserving the initial order of equal elements.

Upon completion, for the specified range start..end, it’s guaranteed that:

1. Every element in self[..start] is smaller than or equal to
2. Every element in self[start..end], which is sorted, and smaller than or equal to
3. Every element in self[end..].

This partial sort is unstable, meaning it may reorder equal elements in the specified range. It may reorder elements outside the specified range as well, but the guarantees above still hold.

This partial sort is in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n + k * log(k)) worst-case, where n is the length of the slice and k is the length of the specified range.

See the documentation of sort_unstable for implementation notes.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for T does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation panics, or if the specified range is out of bounds.

示例

#![feature(slice_partial_sort_unstable)]

let mut v = [4, -5, 1, -3, 2];

// empty range at the beginning, nothing changed
v.partial_sort_unstable(0..0);
assert_eq!(v, [4, -5, 1, -3, 2]);

// empty range in the middle, partitioning the slice
v.partial_sort_unstable(2..2);
for i in 0..2 {
   assert!(v[i] <= v[2]);
}
for i in 3..v.len() {
  assert!(v[2] <= v[i]);
}

// single element range, same as select_nth_unstable
v.partial_sort_unstable(2..3);
for i in 0..2 {
   assert!(v[i] <= v[2]);
}
for i in 3..v.len() {
  assert!(v[2] <= v[i]);
}

// partial sort a subrange
v.partial_sort_unstable(1..4);
assert_eq!(&v[1..4], [-3, 1, 2]);

// partial sort the whole range, same as sort_unstable
v.partial_sort_unstable(..);
assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

pub fn partial_sort_unstable_by<F, R>(&mut self, range: R, compare: F)

where F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering, R: RangeBounds<usize>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partial_sort_unstable)

Partially sorts the slice in ascending order with a comparison function, without preserving the initial order of equal elements.

Upon completion, for the specified range start..end, it’s guaranteed that:

1. Every element in self[..start] is smaller than or equal to
2. Every element in self[start..end], which is sorted, and smaller than or equal to
3. Every element in self[end..].

This partial sort is unstable, meaning it may reorder equal elements in the specified range. It may reorder elements outside the specified range as well, but the guarantees above still hold.

This partial sort is in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n + k * log(k)) worst-case, where n is the length of the slice and k is the length of the specified range.

See the documentation of sort_unstable_by for implementation notes.

Panics

May panic if the compare does not implement a total order, or if the compare itself panics, or if the specified range is out of bounds.

示例

#![feature(slice_partial_sort_unstable)]

let mut v = [4, -5, 1, -3, 2];

// empty range at the beginning, nothing changed
v.partial_sort_unstable_by(0..0, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert_eq!(v, [4, -5, 1, -3, 2]);

// empty range in the middle, partitioning the slice
v.partial_sort_unstable_by(2..2, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
for i in 0..2 {
   assert!(v[i] >= v[2]);
}
for i in 3..v.len() {
  assert!(v[2] >= v[i]);
}

// single element range, same as select_nth_unstable
v.partial_sort_unstable_by(2..3, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
for i in 0..2 {
   assert!(v[i] >= v[2]);
}
for i in 3..v.len() {
  assert!(v[2] >= v[i]);
}

// partial sort a subrange
v.partial_sort_unstable_by(1..4, |a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert_eq!(&v[1..4], [2, 1, -3]);

// partial sort the whole range, same as sort_unstable
v.partial_sort_unstable_by(.., |a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert_eq!(v, [4, 2, 1, -3, -5]);

pub fn partial_sort_unstable_by_key<K, F, R>(&mut self, range: R, f: F)

where F: FnMut(&T) -> K, K: Ord, R: RangeBounds<usize>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partial_sort_unstable)

Partially sorts the slice in ascending order with a key extraction function, without preserving the initial order of equal elements.

Upon completion, for the specified range start..end, it’s guaranteed that:

1. Every element in self[..start] is smaller than or equal to
2. Every element in self[start..end], which is sorted, and smaller than or equal to
3. Every element in self[end..].

This partial sort is unstable, meaning it may reorder equal elements in the specified range. It may reorder elements outside the specified range as well, but the guarantees above still hold.

This partial sort is in-place (i.e., does not allocate), and O(n + k * log(k)) worst-case, where n is the length of the slice and k is the length of the specified range.

See the documentation of sort_unstable_by_key for implementation notes.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation panics, or if the specified range is out of bounds.

示例

#![feature(slice_partial_sort_unstable)]

let mut v = [4i32, -5, 1, -3, 2];

// empty range at the beginning, nothing changed
v.partial_sort_unstable_by_key(0..0, |k| k.abs());
assert_eq!(v, [4, -5, 1, -3, 2]);

// empty range in the middle, partitioning the slice
v.partial_sort_unstable_by_key(2..2, |k| k.abs());
for i in 0..2 {
   assert!(v[i].abs() <= v[2].abs());
}
for i in 3..v.len() {
  assert!(v[2].abs() <= v[i].abs());
}

// single element range, same as select_nth_unstable
v.partial_sort_unstable_by_key(2..3, |k| k.abs());
for i in 0..2 {
   assert!(v[i].abs() <= v[2].abs());
}
for i in 3..v.len() {
  assert!(v[2].abs() <= v[i].abs());
}

// partial sort a subrange
v.partial_sort_unstable_by_key(1..4, |k| k.abs());
assert_eq!(&v[1..4], [2, -3, 4]);

// partial sort the whole range, same as sort_unstable
v.partial_sort_unstable_by_key(.., |k| k.abs());
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);

pub fn select_nth_unstable( &mut self, index: usize, ) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T])

where T: Ord,

Reorders the slice such that the element at index is at a sort-order position. All elements before index will be <= to this value, and all elements after will be >= to it.

This reordering is unstable (i.e. any element that compares equal to the nth element may end up at that position), in-place (i.e. does not allocate), and runs in O(n) time. This function is also known as “kth element” in other libraries.

Returns a triple that partitions the reordered slice:

• The unsorted subslice before index, whose elements all satisfy x <= self[index].

• The element at index.

• The unsorted subslice after index, whose elements all satisfy x >= self[index].

Current implementation

The current algorithm is an introselect implementation based on ipnsort by Lukas Bergdoll and Orson Peters, which is also the basis for sort_unstable. The fallback algorithm is Median of Medians using Tukey’s Ninther for pivot selection, which guarantees linear runtime for all inputs.

Panics

Panics when index >= len(), and so always panics on empty slices.

May panic if the implementation of Ord for T does not implement a total order.

示例

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 2, -3, 1];

// Find the items `<=` to the median, the median itself, and the items `>=` to it.
let (lesser, median, greater) = v.select_nth_unstable(2);

assert!(lesser == [-3, -5] || lesser == [-5, -3]);
assert_eq!(median, &mut 1);
assert!(greater == [4, 2] || greater == [2, 4]);

// We are only guaranteed the slice will be one of the following, based on the way we sort
// about the specified index.
assert!(v == [-3, -5, 1, 2, 4] ||
        v == [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4] ||
        v == [-3, -5, 1, 4, 2] ||
        v == [-5, -3, 1, 4, 2]);

pub fn select_nth_unstable_by<F>( &mut self, index: usize, compare: F, ) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T])

where F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering,

Reorders the slice with a comparator function such that the element at index is at a sort-order position. All elements before index will be <= to this value, and all elements after will be >= to it, according to the comparator function.

This reordering is unstable (i.e. any element that compares equal to the nth element may end up at that position), in-place (i.e. does not allocate), and runs in O(n) time. This function is also known as “kth element” in other libraries.

Returns a triple partitioning the reordered slice:

• The unsorted subslice before index, whose elements all satisfy compare(x, self[index]).is_le().

• The element at index.

• The unsorted subslice after index, whose elements all satisfy compare(x, self[index]).is_ge().

Current implementation

The current algorithm is an introselect implementation based on ipnsort by Lukas Bergdoll and Orson Peters, which is also the basis for sort_unstable. The fallback algorithm is Median of Medians using Tukey’s Ninther for pivot selection, which guarantees linear runtime for all inputs.

Panics

Panics when index >= len(), and so always panics on empty slices.

May panic if compare does not implement a total order.

示例

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 2, -3, 1];

// Find the items `>=` to the median, the median itself, and the items `<=` to it, by using
// a reversed comparator.
let (before, median, after) = v.select_nth_unstable_by(2, |a, b| b.cmp(a));

assert!(before == [4, 2] || before == [2, 4]);
assert_eq!(median, &mut 1);
assert!(after == [-3, -5] || after == [-5, -3]);

// We are only guaranteed the slice will be one of the following, based on the way we sort
// about the specified index.
assert!(v == [2, 4, 1, -5, -3] ||
        v == [2, 4, 1, -3, -5] ||
        v == [4, 2, 1, -5, -3] ||
        v == [4, 2, 1, -3, -5]);

pub fn select_nth_unstable_by_key<K, F>( &mut self, index: usize, f: F, ) -> (&mut [T], &mut T, &mut [T])

where F: FnMut(&T) -> K, K: Ord,

Reorders the slice with a key extraction function such that the element at index is at a sort-order position. All elements before index will have keys <= to the key at index, and all elements after will have keys >= to it.

This reordering is unstable (i.e. any element that compares equal to the nth element may end up at that position), in-place (i.e. does not allocate), and runs in O(n) time. This function is also known as “kth element” in other libraries.

Returns a triple partitioning the reordered slice:

• The unsorted subslice before index, whose elements all satisfy f(x) <= f(self[index]).

• The element at index.

• The unsorted subslice after index, whose elements all satisfy f(x) >= f(self[index]).

Current implementation

The current algorithm is an introselect implementation based on ipnsort by Lukas Bergdoll and Orson Peters, which is also the basis for sort_unstable. The fallback algorithm is Median of Medians using Tukey’s Ninther for pivot selection, which guarantees linear runtime for all inputs.

Panics

Panics when index >= len(), meaning it always panics on empty slices.

May panic if K: Ord does not implement a total order.

示例

let mut v = [-5i32, 4, 1, -3, 2];

// Find the items `<=` to the absolute median, the absolute median itself, and the items
// `>=` to it.
let (lesser, median, greater) = v.select_nth_unstable_by_key(2, |a| a.abs());

assert!(lesser == [1, 2] || lesser == [2, 1]);
assert_eq!(median, &mut -3);
assert!(greater == [4, -5] || greater == [-5, 4]);

// We are only guaranteed the slice will be one of the following, based on the way we sort
// about the specified index.
assert!(v == [1, 2, -3, 4, -5] ||
        v == [1, 2, -3, -5, 4] ||
        v == [2, 1, -3, 4, -5] ||
        v == [2, 1, -3, -5, 4]);

pub fn partition_dedup(&mut self) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

where T: PartialEq,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_dedup)

Moves all consecutive repeated elements to the end of the slice according to the PartialEq trait implementation.

Returns two slices. The first contains no consecutive repeated elements. The second contains all the duplicates in no specified order.

若切片已排序，则返回的第一个切片中不包含重复元素。

示例

#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]

let mut slice = [1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 1];

let (dedup, duplicates) = slice.partition_dedup();

assert_eq!(dedup, [1, 2, 3, 2, 1]);
assert_eq!(duplicates, [2, 3, 1]);

pub fn partition_dedup_by<F>(&mut self, same_bucket: F) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

where F: FnMut(&mut T, &mut T) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_dedup)

Moves all but the first of consecutive elements to the end of the slice satisfying a given equality relation.

Returns two slices. The first contains no consecutive repeated elements. The second contains all the duplicates in no specified order.

The same_bucket function is passed references to two elements from the slice and must determine if the elements compare equal. The elements are passed in opposite order from their order in the slice, so if same_bucket(a, b) returns true, a is moved at the end of the slice.

若切片已排序，则返回的第一个切片中不包含重复元素。

示例

#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]

let mut slice = ["foo", "Foo", "BAZ", "Bar", "bar", "baz", "BAZ"];

let (dedup, duplicates) = slice.partition_dedup_by(|a, b| a.eq_ignore_ascii_case(b));

assert_eq!(dedup, ["foo", "BAZ", "Bar", "baz"]);
assert_eq!(duplicates, ["bar", "Foo", "BAZ"]);

pub fn partition_dedup_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, key: F) -> (&mut [T], &mut [T])

where F: FnMut(&mut T) -> K, K: PartialEq,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_partition_dedup)

Moves all but the first of consecutive elements to the end of the slice that resolve to the same key.

Returns two slices. The first contains no consecutive repeated elements. The second contains all the duplicates in no specified order.

若切片已排序，则返回的第一个切片中不包含重复元素。

示例

#![feature(slice_partition_dedup)]

let mut slice = [10, 20, 21, 30, 30, 20, 11, 13];

let (dedup, duplicates) = slice.partition_dedup_by_key(|i| *i / 10);

assert_eq!(dedup, [10, 20, 30, 20, 11]);
assert_eq!(duplicates, [21, 30, 13]);

pub fn rotate_left(&mut self, mid: usize)

Rotates the slice in-place such that the first mid elements of the slice move to the end while the last self.len() - mid elements move to the front.

After calling rotate_left, the element previously at index mid will become the first element in the slice.

Panics

This function will panic if mid is greater than the length of the slice. Note that mid == self.len() does not panic and is a no-op rotation.

Complexity

Takes linear (in self.len()) time.

示例

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a.rotate_left(2);
assert_eq!(a, ['c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'a', 'b']);

Rotating a subslice:

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a[1..5].rotate_left(1);
assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'b', 'f']);

pub fn rotate_right(&mut self, k: usize)

Rotates the slice in-place such that the first self.len() - k elements of the slice move to the end while the last k elements move to the front.

After calling rotate_right, the element previously at index self.len() - k will become the first element in the slice.

Panics

This function will panic if k is greater than the length of the slice. Note that k == self.len() does not panic and is a no-op rotation.

Complexity

Takes linear (in self.len()) time.

示例

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a.rotate_right(2);
assert_eq!(a, ['e', 'f', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd']);

Rotating a subslice:

let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
a[1..5].rotate_right(1);
assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'e', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f']);

pub fn shift_left<const N: usize>(&mut self, inserted: [T; N]) -> [T; N]

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_shift)

Moves the elements of this slice N places to the left, returning the ones that “fall off” the front, and putting inserted at the end.

Equivalently, you can think of concatenating self and inserted into one long sequence, then returning the left-most N items and the rest into self:

          self (before)    inserted
          vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv  vvv
          [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]  [9]
       ↙   ↙  ↙  ↙  ↙   ↙
     [1]  [2, 3, 4, 5, 9]
     ^^^  ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
returned  self (after)

See also Self::shift_right and compare Self::rotate_left.

示例

#![feature(slice_shift)]

// Same as the diagram above
let mut a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
let inserted = [9];
let returned = a.shift_left(inserted);
assert_eq!(returned, [1]);
assert_eq!(a, [2, 3, 4, 5, 9]);

// You can shift multiple items at a time
let mut a = *b"Hello world";
assert_eq!(a.shift_left(*b" peace"), *b"Hello ");
assert_eq!(a, *b"world peace");

// The name comes from this operation's similarity to bitshifts
let mut a: u8 = 0b10010110;
a <<= 3;
assert_eq!(a, 0b10110000_u8);
let mut a: [_; 8] = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0];
a.shift_left([0; 3]);
assert_eq!(a, [1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0]);

// Remember you can sub-slice to affect less that the whole slice.
// For example, this is similar to `.remove(1)` + `.insert(4, 'Z')`
let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
assert_eq!(a[1..=4].shift_left(['Z']), ['b']);
assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'Z', 'f']);

// If the size matches it's equivalent to `mem::replace`
let mut a = [1, 2, 3];
assert_eq!(a.shift_left([7, 8, 9]), [1, 2, 3]);
assert_eq!(a, [7, 8, 9]);

// Some of the "inserted" elements end up returned if the slice is too short
let mut a = [];
assert_eq!(a.shift_left([1, 2, 3]), [1, 2, 3]);
let mut a = [9];
assert_eq!(a.shift_left([1, 2, 3]), [9, 1, 2]);
assert_eq!(a, [3]);

pub fn shift_right<const N: usize>(&mut self, inserted: [T; N]) -> [T; N]

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (slice_shift)

Moves the elements of this slice N places to the right, returning the ones that “fall off” the back, and putting inserted at the beginning.

Equivalently, you can think of concatenating inserted and self into one long sequence, then returning the right-most N items and the rest into self:

inserted  self (before)
     vvv  vvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
     [0]  [5, 6, 7, 8, 9]
       ↘   ↘  ↘  ↘  ↘   ↘
          [0, 5, 6, 7, 8]  [9]
          ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^  ^^^
          self (after)     returned

See also Self::shift_left and compare Self::rotate_right.

示例

#![feature(slice_shift)]

// Same as the diagram above
let mut a = [5, 6, 7, 8, 9];
let inserted = [0];
let returned = a.shift_right(inserted);
assert_eq!(returned, [9]);
assert_eq!(a, [0, 5, 6, 7, 8]);

// The name comes from this operation's similarity to bitshifts
let mut a: u8 = 0b10010110;
a >>= 3;
assert_eq!(a, 0b00010010_u8);
let mut a: [_; 8] = [1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0];
a.shift_right([0; 3]);
assert_eq!(a, [0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 0]);

// Remember you can sub-slice to affect less that the whole slice.
// For example, this is similar to `.remove(4)` + `.insert(1, 'Z')`
let mut a = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'];
assert_eq!(a[1..=4].shift_right(['Z']), ['e']);
assert_eq!(a, ['a', 'Z', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'f']);

// If the size matches it's equivalent to `mem::replace`
let mut a = [1, 2, 3];
assert_eq!(a.shift_right([7, 8, 9]), [1, 2, 3]);
assert_eq!(a, [7, 8, 9]);

// Some of the "inserted" elements end up returned if the slice is too short
let mut a = [];
assert_eq!(a.shift_right([1, 2, 3]), [1, 2, 3]);
let mut a = [9];
assert_eq!(a.shift_right([1, 2, 3]), [2, 3, 9]);
assert_eq!(a, [1]);

pub fn fill(&mut self, value: T)

where T: Clone,

Fills self with elements by cloning value.

示例

let mut buf = vec![0; 10];
buf.fill(1);
assert_eq!(buf, vec![1; 10]);

pub fn fill_with<F>(&mut self, f: F)

where F: FnMut() -> T,

Fills self with elements returned by calling a closure repeatedly.

This method uses a closure to create new values. If you’d rather Clone a given value, use fill. If you want to use the Default trait to generate values, you can pass Default::default as the argument.

示例

let mut buf = vec![1; 10];
buf.fill_with(Default::default);
assert_eq!(buf, vec![0; 10]);

pub fn clone_from_slice(&mut self, src: &[T])

where T: Clone,

Copies the elements from src into self.

src 的长度必须与 self 相同。

Panics

若两个切片长度不同，本函数会 panic。

示例

Cloning two elements from a slice into another:

let src = [1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut dst = [0, 0];

// Because the slices have to be the same length,
// we slice the source slice from four elements
// to two. It will panic if we don't do this.
dst.clone_from_slice(&src[2..]);

assert_eq!(src, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
assert_eq!(dst, [3, 4]);

Rust enforces that there can only be one mutable reference with no immutable references to a particular piece of data in a particular scope. Because of this, attempting to use clone_from_slice on a single slice will result in a compile failure:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

slice[..2].clone_from_slice(&slice[3..]); // compile fail!

To work around this, we can use split_at_mut to create two distinct sub-slices from a slice:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

{
    let (left, right) = slice.split_at_mut(2);
    left.clone_from_slice(&right[1..]);
}

assert_eq!(slice, [4, 5, 3, 4, 5]);

pub fn copy_from_slice(&mut self, src: &[T])

where T: Copy,

Copies all elements from src into self, using a memcpy.

src 的长度必须与 self 相同。

If T does not implement Copy, use clone_from_slice.

Panics

若两个切片长度不同，本函数会 panic。

示例

Copying two elements from a slice into another:

let src = [1, 2, 3, 4];
let mut dst = [0, 0];

// Because the slices have to be the same length,
// we slice the source slice from four elements
// to two. It will panic if we don't do this.
dst.copy_from_slice(&src[2..]);

assert_eq!(src, [1, 2, 3, 4]);
assert_eq!(dst, [3, 4]);

Rust enforces that there can only be one mutable reference with no immutable references to a particular piece of data in a particular scope. Because of this, attempting to use copy_from_slice on a single slice will result in a compile failure:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

slice[..2].copy_from_slice(&slice[3..]); // compile fail!

To work around this, we can use split_at_mut to create two distinct sub-slices from a slice:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

{
    let (left, right) = slice.split_at_mut(2);
    left.copy_from_slice(&right[1..]);
}

assert_eq!(slice, [4, 5, 3, 4, 5]);

pub fn copy_within<R>(&mut self, src: R, dest: usize)

where R: RangeBounds<usize>, T: Copy,

Copies elements from one part of the slice to another part of itself, using a memmove.

src is the range within self to copy from. dest is the starting index of the range within self to copy to, which will have the same length as src. The two ranges may overlap. The ends of the two ranges must be less than or equal to self.len().

Panics

This function will panic if either range exceeds the end of the slice, or if the end of src is before the start.

示例

Copying four bytes within a slice:

let mut bytes = *b"Hello, World!";

bytes.copy_within(1..5, 8);

assert_eq!(&bytes, b"Hello, Wello!");

pub fn swap_with_slice(&mut self, other: &mut [T])

Swaps all elements in self with those in other.

The length of other must be the same as self.

Panics

若两个切片长度不同，本函数会 panic。

Example

Swapping two elements across slices:

let mut slice1 = [0, 0];
let mut slice2 = [1, 2, 3, 4];

slice1.swap_with_slice(&mut slice2[2..]);

assert_eq!(slice1, [3, 4]);
assert_eq!(slice2, [1, 2, 0, 0]);

Rust enforces that there can only be one mutable reference to a particular piece of data in a particular scope. Because of this, attempting to use swap_with_slice on a single slice will result in a compile failure:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
slice[..2].swap_with_slice(&mut slice[3..]); // compile fail!

To work around this, we can use split_at_mut to create two distinct mutable sub-slices from a slice:

let mut slice = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];

{
    let (left, right) = slice.split_at_mut(2);
    left.swap_with_slice(&mut right[1..]);
}

assert_eq!(slice, [4, 5, 3, 1, 2]);

pub unsafe fn align_to<U>(&self) -> (&[T], &[U], &[T])

Transmutes the slice to a slice of another type, ensuring alignment of the types is maintained.

This method splits the slice into three distinct slices: prefix, correctly aligned middle slice of a new type, and the suffix slice. The middle part will be as big as possible under the given alignment constraint and element size.

This method has no purpose when either input element T or output element U are zero-sized and will return the original slice without splitting anything.

Safety

This method is essentially a transmute with respect to the elements in the returned middle slice, so all the usual caveats pertaining to transmute::<T, U> also apply here.

示例

基本用法：

unsafe {
    let bytes: [u8; 7] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
    let (prefix, shorts, suffix) = bytes.align_to::<u16>();
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(prefix);
    // more_efficient_algorithm_for_aligned_shorts(shorts);
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(suffix);
}

pub unsafe fn align_to_mut<U>(&mut self) -> (&mut [T], &mut [U], &mut [T])

Transmutes the mutable slice to a mutable slice of another type, ensuring alignment of the types is maintained.

This method splits the slice into three distinct slices: prefix, correctly aligned middle slice of a new type, and the suffix slice. The middle part will be as big as possible under the given alignment constraint and element size.

This method has no purpose when either input element T or output element U are zero-sized and will return the original slice without splitting anything.

Safety

This method is essentially a transmute with respect to the elements in the returned middle slice, so all the usual caveats pertaining to transmute::<T, U> also apply here.

示例

基本用法：

unsafe {
    let mut bytes: [u8; 7] = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7];
    let (prefix, shorts, suffix) = bytes.align_to_mut::<u16>();
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(prefix);
    // more_efficient_algorithm_for_aligned_shorts(shorts);
    // less_efficient_algorithm_for_bytes(suffix);
}

pub fn as_simd<const LANES: usize>(&self) -> (&[T], &[Simd<T, LANES>], &[T])

where Simd<T, LANES>: AsRef<[T; LANES]>, T: SimdElement,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (portable_simd)

Splits a slice into a prefix, a middle of aligned SIMD types, and a suffix.

This is a safe wrapper around slice::align_to, so inherits the same guarantees as that method.

Panics

This will panic if the size of the SIMD type is different from LANES times that of the scalar.

At the time of writing, the trait restrictions on Simd<T, LANES> keeps that from ever happening, as only power-of-two numbers of lanes are supported. It’s possible that, in the future, those restrictions might be lifted in a way that would make it possible to see panics from this method for something like LANES == 3.

示例

#![feature(portable_simd)]
use core::simd::prelude::*;

let short = &[1, 2, 3];
let (prefix, middle, suffix) = short.as_simd::<4>();
assert_eq!(middle, []); // Not enough elements for anything in the middle

// They might be split in any possible way between prefix and suffix
let it = prefix.iter().chain(suffix).copied();
assert_eq!(it.collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![1, 2, 3]);

fn basic_simd_sum(x: &[f32]) -> f32 {
    use std::ops::Add;
    let (prefix, middle, suffix) = x.as_simd();
    let sums = f32x4::from_array([
        prefix.iter().copied().sum(),
        0.0,
        0.0,
        suffix.iter().copied().sum(),
    ]);
    let sums = middle.iter().copied().fold(sums, f32x4::add);
    sums.reduce_sum()
}

let numbers: Vec<f32> = (1..101).map(|x| x as _).collect();
assert_eq!(basic_simd_sum(&numbers[1..99]), 4949.0);

pub fn as_simd_mut<const LANES: usize>( &mut self, ) -> (&mut [T], &mut [Simd<T, LANES>], &mut [T])

where Simd<T, LANES>: AsMut<[T; LANES]>, T: SimdElement,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (portable_simd)

Splits a mutable slice into a mutable prefix, a middle of aligned SIMD types, and a mutable suffix.

This is a safe wrapper around slice::align_to_mut, so inherits the same guarantees as that method.

This is the mutable version of slice::as_simd; see that for examples.

Panics

This will panic if the size of the SIMD type is different from LANES times that of the scalar.

At the time of writing, the trait restrictions on Simd<T, LANES> keeps that from ever happening, as only power-of-two numbers of lanes are supported. It’s possible that, in the future, those restrictions might be lifted in a way that would make it possible to see panics from this method for something like LANES == 3.

pub fn is_sorted(&self) -> bool

where T: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted.

That is, for each element a and its following element b, a <= b must hold. If the slice yields exactly zero or one element, true is returned.

Note that if Self::Item is only PartialOrd, but not Ord, the above definition implies that this function returns false if any two consecutive items are not comparable.

示例

let empty: [i32; 0] = [];

assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted());
assert!(![1, 3, 2, 4].is_sorted());
assert!([0].is_sorted());
assert!(empty.is_sorted());
assert!(![0.0, 1.0, f32::NAN].is_sorted());

pub fn is_sorted_by<'a, F>(&'a self, compare: F) -> bool

where F: FnMut(&'a T, &'a T) -> bool,

Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted using the given comparator function.

Instead of using PartialOrd::partial_cmp, this function uses the given compare function to determine whether two elements are to be considered in sorted order.

示例

assert!([1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted_by(|a, b| a <= b));
assert!(![1, 2, 2, 9].is_sorted_by(|a, b| a < b));

assert!([0].is_sorted_by(|a, b| true));
assert!([0].is_sorted_by(|a, b| false));

let empty: [i32; 0] = [];
assert!(empty.is_sorted_by(|a, b| false));
assert!(empty.is_sorted_by(|a, b| true));

pub fn is_sorted_by_key<'a, F, K>(&'a self, f: F) -> bool

where F: FnMut(&'a T) -> K, K: PartialOrd,

Checks if the elements of this slice are sorted using the given key extraction function.

Instead of comparing the slice’s elements directly, this function compares the keys of the elements, as determined by f. Apart from that, it’s equivalent to is_sorted; see its documentation for more information.

示例

assert!(["c", "bb", "aaa"].is_sorted_by_key(|s| s.len()));
assert!(![-2i32, -1, 0, 3].is_sorted_by_key(|n| n.abs()));

pub fn partition_point<P>(&self, pred: P) -> usize

where P: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Returns the index of the partition point according to the given predicate (the index of the first element of the second partition).

The slice is assumed to be partitioned according to the given predicate. This means that all elements for which the predicate returns true are at the start of the slice and all elements for which the predicate returns false are at the end. For example, [7, 15, 3, 5, 4, 12, 6] is partitioned under the predicate x % 2 != 0 (all odd numbers are at the start, all even at the end).

If this slice is not partitioned, the returned result is unspecified and meaningless, as this method performs a kind of binary search.

See also binary_search, binary_search_by, and binary_search_by_key.

示例

let v = [1, 2, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7];
let i = v.partition_point(|&x| x < 5);

assert_eq!(i, 4);
assert!(v[..i].iter().all(|&x| x < 5));
assert!(v[i..].iter().all(|&x| !(x < 5)));

If all elements of the slice match the predicate, including if the slice is empty, then the length of the slice will be returned:

let a = [2, 4, 8];
assert_eq!(a.partition_point(|x| x < &100), a.len());
let a: [i32; 0] = [];
assert_eq!(a.partition_point(|x| x < &100), 0);

If you want to insert an item to a sorted vector, while maintaining sort order:

let mut s = vec![0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55];
let num = 42;
let idx = s.partition_point(|&x| x <= num);
s.insert(idx, num);
assert_eq!(s, [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 42, 55]);

pub fn split_off<'a, R>(self: &mut &'a [T], range: R) -> Option<&'a [T]>

where R: OneSidedRange<usize>,

Removes the subslice corresponding to the given range and returns a reference to it.

Returns None and does not modify the slice if the given range is out of bounds.

Note that this method only accepts one-sided ranges such as 2.. or ..6, but not 2..6.

示例

Splitting off the first three elements of a slice:

let mut slice: &[_] = &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
let mut first_three = slice.split_off(..3).unwrap();

assert_eq!(slice, &['d']);
assert_eq!(first_three, &['a', 'b', 'c']);

Splitting off a slice starting with the third element:

let mut slice: &[_] = &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
let mut tail = slice.split_off(2..).unwrap();

assert_eq!(slice, &['a', 'b']);
assert_eq!(tail, &['c', 'd']);

Getting None when range is out of bounds:

let mut slice: &[_] = &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];

assert_eq!(None, slice.split_off(5..));
assert_eq!(None, slice.split_off(..5));
assert_eq!(None, slice.split_off(..=4));
let expected: &[char] = &['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
assert_eq!(Some(expected), slice.split_off(..4));

pub fn split_off_mut<'a, R>( self: &mut &'a mut [T], range: R, ) -> Option<&'a mut [T]>

where R: OneSidedRange<usize>,

Removes the subslice corresponding to the given range and returns a mutable reference to it.

Returns None and does not modify the slice if the given range is out of bounds.

Note that this method only accepts one-sided ranges such as 2.. or ..6, but not 2..6.

示例

Splitting off the first three elements of a slice:

let mut slice: &mut [_] = &mut ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
let mut first_three = slice.split_off_mut(..3).unwrap();

assert_eq!(slice, &mut ['d']);
assert_eq!(first_three, &mut ['a', 'b', 'c']);

Splitting off a slice starting with the third element:

let mut slice: &mut [_] = &mut ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
let mut tail = slice.split_off_mut(2..).unwrap();

assert_eq!(slice, &mut ['a', 'b']);
assert_eq!(tail, &mut ['c', 'd']);

Getting None when range is out of bounds:

let mut slice: &mut [_] = &mut ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];

assert_eq!(None, slice.split_off_mut(5..));
assert_eq!(None, slice.split_off_mut(..5));
assert_eq!(None, slice.split_off_mut(..=4));
let expected: &mut [_] = &mut ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd'];
assert_eq!(Some(expected), slice.split_off_mut(..4));

pub fn split_off_first<'a>(self: &mut &'a [T]) -> Option<&'a T>

Removes the first element of the slice and returns a reference to it.

Returns None if the slice is empty.

示例

let mut slice: &[_] = &['a', 'b', 'c'];
let first = slice.split_off_first().unwrap();

assert_eq!(slice, &['b', 'c']);
assert_eq!(first, &'a');

pub fn split_off_first_mut<'a>(self: &mut &'a mut [T]) -> Option<&'a mut T>

Removes the first element of the slice and returns a mutable reference to it.

Returns None if the slice is empty.

示例

let mut slice: &mut [_] = &mut ['a', 'b', 'c'];
let first = slice.split_off_first_mut().unwrap();
*first = 'd';

assert_eq!(slice, &['b', 'c']);
assert_eq!(first, &'d');

pub fn split_off_last<'a>(self: &mut &'a [T]) -> Option<&'a T>

Removes the last element of the slice and returns a reference to it.

Returns None if the slice is empty.

示例

let mut slice: &[_] = &['a', 'b', 'c'];
let last = slice.split_off_last().unwrap();

assert_eq!(slice, &['a', 'b']);
assert_eq!(last, &'c');

pub fn split_off_last_mut<'a>(self: &mut &'a mut [T]) -> Option<&'a mut T>

Removes the last element of the slice and returns a mutable reference to it.

Returns None if the slice is empty.

示例

let mut slice: &mut [_] = &mut ['a', 'b', 'c'];
let last = slice.split_off_last_mut().unwrap();
*last = 'd';

assert_eq!(slice, &['a', 'b']);
assert_eq!(last, &'d');

pub unsafe fn get_disjoint_unchecked_mut<I, const N: usize>( &mut self, indices: [I; N], ) -> [&mut <I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output; N]

where I: GetDisjointMutIndex + SliceIndex<[T]>,

Returns mutable references to many indices at once, without doing any checks.

An index can be either a usize, a Range or a RangeInclusive. Note that this method takes an array, so all indices must be of the same type. If passed an array of usizes this method gives back an array of mutable references to single elements, while if passed an array of ranges it gives back an array of mutable references to slices.

For a safe alternative see get_disjoint_mut.

Safety

Calling this method with overlapping or out-of-bounds indices is undefined behavior even if the resulting references are not used.

示例

let x = &mut [1, 2, 4];

unsafe {
    let [a, b] = x.get_disjoint_unchecked_mut([0, 2]);
    *a *= 10;
    *b *= 100;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[10, 2, 400]);

unsafe {
    let [a, b] = x.get_disjoint_unchecked_mut([0..1, 1..3]);
    a[0] = 8;
    b[0] = 88;
    b[1] = 888;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[8, 88, 888]);

unsafe {
    let [a, b] = x.get_disjoint_unchecked_mut([1..=2, 0..=0]);
    a[0] = 11;
    a[1] = 111;
    b[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(x, &[1, 11, 111]);

pub fn get_disjoint_mut<I, const N: usize>( &mut self, indices: [I; N], ) -> Result<[&mut <I as SliceIndex<[T]>>::Output; N], GetDisjointMutError>

where I: GetDisjointMutIndex + SliceIndex<[T]>,

Returns mutable references to many indices at once.

An index can be either a usize, a Range or a RangeInclusive. Note that this method takes an array, so all indices must be of the same type. If passed an array of usizes this method gives back an array of mutable references to single elements, while if passed an array of ranges it gives back an array of mutable references to slices.

Returns an error if any index is out-of-bounds, or if there are overlapping indices. An empty range is not considered to overlap if it is located at the beginning or at the end of another range, but is considered to overlap if it is located in the middle.

This method does a O(n^2) check to check that there are no overlapping indices, so be careful when passing many indices.

示例

let v = &mut [1, 2, 3];
if let Ok([a, b]) = v.get_disjoint_mut([0, 2]) {
    *a = 413;
    *b = 612;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[413, 2, 612]);

if let Ok([a, b]) = v.get_disjoint_mut([0..1, 1..3]) {
    a[0] = 8;
    b[0] = 88;
    b[1] = 888;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[8, 88, 888]);

if let Ok([a, b]) = v.get_disjoint_mut([1..=2, 0..=0]) {
    a[0] = 11;
    a[1] = 111;
    b[0] = 1;
}
assert_eq!(v, &[1, 11, 111]);

pub fn element_offset(&self, element: &T) -> Option<usize>

Returns the index that an element reference points to.

Returns None if element does not point to the start of an element within the slice.

This method is useful for extending slice iterators like slice::split.

Note that this uses pointer arithmetic and does not compare elements. To find the index of an element via comparison, use .iter().position() instead.

Panics

Panics if T is zero-sized.

示例

基本用法：

let nums: &[u32] = &[1, 7, 1, 1];
let num = &nums[2];

assert_eq!(num, &1);
assert_eq!(nums.element_offset(num), Some(2));

Returning None with an unaligned element:

let arr: &[[u32; 2]] = &[[0, 1], [2, 3]];
let flat_arr: &[u32] = arr.as_flattened();

let ok_elm: &[u32; 2] = flat_arr[0..2].try_into().unwrap();
let weird_elm: &[u32; 2] = flat_arr[1..3].try_into().unwrap();

assert_eq!(ok_elm, &[0, 1]);
assert_eq!(weird_elm, &[1, 2]);

assert_eq!(arr.element_offset(ok_elm), Some(0)); // Points to element 0
assert_eq!(arr.element_offset(weird_elm), None); // Points between element 0 and 1

pub fn subslice_range(&self, subslice: &[T]) -> Option<Range<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (substr_range)

Returns the range of indices that a subslice points to.

Returns None if subslice does not point within the slice or if it is not aligned with the elements in the slice.

This method does not compare elements. Instead, this method finds the location in the slice that subslice was obtained from. To find the index of a subslice via comparison, instead use .windows().position().

This method is useful for extending slice iterators like slice::split.

Note that this may return a false positive (either Some(0..0) or Some(self.len()..self.len())) if subslice has a length of zero and points to the beginning or end of another, separate, slice.

Panics

Panics if T is zero-sized.

示例

基本用法：

#![feature(substr_range)]

let nums = &[0, 5, 10, 0, 0, 5];

let mut iter = nums
    .split(|t| *t == 0)
    .map(|n| nums.subslice_range(n).unwrap());

assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(0..0));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(1..3));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(4..4));
assert_eq!(iter.next(), Some(5..6));

pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &[T]

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (str_as_str)

Returns the same slice &[T].

This method is redundant when used directly on &[T], but it helps dereferencing other “container” types to slices, for example Box<[T]> or Arc<[T]>.

pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut [T]

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (str_as_str)

Returns the same slice &mut [T].

This method is redundant when used directly on &mut [T], but it helps dereferencing other “container” types to slices, for example Box<[T]> or MutexGuard<[T]>.

pub fn utf8_chunks(&self) -> Utf8Chunks<'_>

Creates an iterator over the contiguous valid UTF-8 ranges of this slice, and the non-UTF-8 fragments in between.

See the Utf8Chunk type for documentation of the items yielded by this iterator.

示例

This function formats arbitrary but mostly-UTF-8 bytes into Rust source code in the form of a C-string literal (c"...").

use std::fmt::Write as _;

pub fn cstr_literal(bytes: &[u8]) -> String {
    let mut repr = String::new();
    repr.push_str("c\"");
    for chunk in bytes.utf8_chunks() {
        for ch in chunk.valid().chars() {
            // Escapes \0, \t, \r, \n, \\, \', \", and uses \u{...} for non-printable characters.
            write!(repr, "{}", ch.escape_debug()).unwrap();
        }
        for byte in chunk.invalid() {
            write!(repr, "\\x{:02X}", byte).unwrap();
        }
    }
    repr.push('"');
    repr
}

fn main() {
    let lit = cstr_literal(b"\xferris the \xf0\x9f\xa6\x80\x07");
    let expected = stringify!(c"\xFErris the 🦀\u{7}");
    assert_eq!(lit, expected);
}

pub fn sort(&mut self)

where T: Ord,

Sorts the slice in ascending order, preserving initial order of equal elements.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

If the implementation of Ord for T does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

When applicable, unstable sorting is preferred because it is generally faster than stable sorting and it doesn’t allocate auxiliary memory. See sort_unstable. The exception are partially sorted slices, which may be better served with slice::sort.

Sorting types that only implement PartialOrd such as f32 and f64 require additional precautions. For example, f32::NAN != f32::NAN, which doesn’t fulfill the reflexivity requirement of Ord. By using an alternative comparison function with slice::sort_by such as f32::total_cmp or f64::total_cmp that defines a total order users can sort slices containing floating-point values. Alternatively, if all values in the slice are guaranteed to be in a subset for which PartialOrd::partial_cmp forms a total order, it’s possible to sort the slice with sort_by(|a, b| a.partial_cmp(b).unwrap()).

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on driftsort by Orson Peters and Lukas Bergdoll, which combines the fast average case of quicksort with the fast worst case and partial run detection of mergesort, achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. On inputs with k distinct elements, the expected time to sort the data is O(n * log(k)).

The auxiliary memory allocation behavior depends on the input length. Short slices are handled without allocation, medium sized slices allocate self.len() and beyond that it clamps at self.len() / 2.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for T does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation itself panics.

All safe functions on slices preserve the invariant that even if the function panics, all original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. This ensures that recovery code (for instance inside of a Drop or following a catch_unwind) will still have access to all the original elements. For instance, if the slice belongs to a Vec, the Vec::drop method will be able to dispose of all contained elements.

示例

let mut v = [4, -5, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort();
assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

pub fn sort_by<F>(&mut self, compare: F)

where F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> Ordering,

Sorts the slice in ascending order with a comparison function, preserving initial order of equal elements.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(n * log(n)) worst-case.

If the comparison function compare does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

For example |a, b| (a - b).cmp(a) is a comparison function that is neither transitive nor reflexive nor total, a < b < c < a with a = 1, b = 2, c = 3. For more information and examples see the Ord documentation.

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on driftsort by Orson Peters and Lukas Bergdoll, which combines the fast average case of quicksort with the fast worst case and partial run detection of mergesort, achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. On inputs with k distinct elements, the expected time to sort the data is O(n * log(k)).

The auxiliary memory allocation behavior depends on the input length. Short slices are handled without allocation, medium sized slices allocate self.len() and beyond that it clamps at self.len() / 2.

Panics

May panic if compare does not implement a total order, or if compare itself panics.

All safe functions on slices preserve the invariant that even if the function panics, all original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. This ensures that recovery code (for instance inside of a Drop or following a catch_unwind) will still have access to all the original elements. For instance, if the slice belongs to a Vec, the Vec::drop method will be able to dispose of all contained elements.

示例

let mut v = [4, -5, 1, -3, 2];
v.sort_by(|a, b| a.cmp(b));
assert_eq!(v, [-5, -3, 1, 2, 4]);

// reverse sorting
v.sort_by(|a, b| b.cmp(a));
assert_eq!(v, [4, 2, 1, -3, -5]);

pub fn sort_by_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F)

where F: FnMut(&T) -> K, K: Ord,

Sorts the slice in ascending order with a key extraction function, preserving initial order of equal elements.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(m * n * log(n)) worst-case, where the key function is O(m).

If the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on driftsort by Orson Peters and Lukas Bergdoll, which combines the fast average case of quicksort with the fast worst case and partial run detection of mergesort, achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. On inputs with k distinct elements, the expected time to sort the data is O(n * log(k)).

The auxiliary memory allocation behavior depends on the input length. Short slices are handled without allocation, medium sized slices allocate self.len() and beyond that it clamps at self.len() / 2.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation or the key-function f panics.

All safe functions on slices preserve the invariant that even if the function panics, all original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. This ensures that recovery code (for instance inside of a Drop or following a catch_unwind) will still have access to all the original elements. For instance, if the slice belongs to a Vec, the Vec::drop method will be able to dispose of all contained elements.

示例

let mut v = [4i32, -5, 1, -3, 2];

v.sort_by_key(|k| k.abs());
assert_eq!(v, [1, 2, -3, 4, -5]);

pub fn sort_by_cached_key<K, F>(&mut self, f: F)

where F: FnMut(&T) -> K, K: Ord,

Sorts the slice in ascending order with a key extraction function, preserving initial order of equal elements.

This sort is stable (i.e., does not reorder equal elements) and O(m * n + n * log(n)) worst-case, where the key function is O(m).

During sorting, the key function is called at most once per element, by using temporary storage to remember the results of key evaluation. The order of calls to the key function is unspecified and may change in future versions of the standard library.

If the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, the function may panic; even if the function exits normally, the resulting order of elements in the slice is unspecified. See also the note on panicking below.

For simple key functions (e.g., functions that are property accesses or basic operations), sort_by_key is likely to be faster.

Current implementation

The current implementation is based on instruction-parallel-network sort by Lukas Bergdoll, which combines the fast average case of randomized quicksort with the fast worst case of heapsort, while achieving linear time on fully sorted and reversed inputs. And O(k * log(n)) where k is the number of distinct elements in the input. It leverages superscalar out-of-order execution capabilities commonly found in CPUs, to efficiently perform the operation.

In the worst case, the algorithm allocates temporary storage in a Vec<(K, usize)> the length of the slice.

Panics

May panic if the implementation of Ord for K does not implement a total order, or if the Ord implementation panics.

All safe functions on slices preserve the invariant that even if the function panics, all original elements will remain in the slice and any possible modifications via interior mutability are observed in the input. This ensures that recovery code (for instance inside of a Drop or following a catch_unwind) will still have access to all the original elements. For instance, if the slice belongs to a Vec, the Vec::drop method will be able to dispose of all contained elements.

示例

let mut v = [4i32, -5, 1, -3, 2, 10];

// Strings are sorted by lexicographical order.
v.sort_by_cached_key(|k| k.to_string());
assert_eq!(v, [-3, -5, 1, 10, 2, 4]);

pub fn to_vec(&self) -> Vec<T>

where T: Clone,

Copies self into a new Vec.

示例

let s = [10, 40, 30];
let x = s.to_vec();
// Here, `s` and `x` can be modified independently.

pub fn to_vec_in<A>(&self, alloc: A) -> Vec<T, A>

where A: Allocator, T: Clone,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (allocator_api)

Copies self into a new Vec with an allocator.

示例

#![feature(allocator_api)]

use std::alloc::System;

let s = [10, 40, 30];
let x = s.to_vec_in(System);
// Here, `s` and `x` can be modified independently.

pub fn repeat(&self, n: usize) -> Vec<T>

where T: Copy,

Creates a vector by copying a slice n times.

Panics

This function will panic if the capacity would overflow.

示例

assert_eq!([1, 2].repeat(3), vec![1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]);

A panic upon overflow:

// this will panic at runtime
b"0123456789abcdef".repeat(usize::MAX);

pub fn concat<Item>(&self) -> <[T] as Concat<Item>>::Output

where [T]: Concat<Item>, Item: ?Sized,

Flattens a slice of T into a single value Self::Output.

示例

assert_eq!(["hello", "world"].concat(), "helloworld");
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].concat(), [1, 2, 3, 4]);

pub fn join<Separator>( &self, sep: Separator, ) -> <[T] as Join<Separator>>::Output

where [T]: Join<Separator>,

Flattens a slice of T into a single value Self::Output, placing a given separator between each.

示例

assert_eq!(["hello", "world"].join(" "), "hello world");
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].join(&0), [1, 2, 0, 3, 4]);
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].join(&[0, 0][..]), [1, 2, 0, 0, 3, 4]);

pub fn connect<Separator>( &self, sep: Separator, ) -> <[T] as Join<Separator>>::Output

where [T]: Join<Separator>,

👎Deprecated since 1.3.0: renamed to join

Flattens a slice of T into a single value Self::Output, placing a given separator between each.

示例

assert_eq!(["hello", "world"].connect(" "), "hello world");
assert_eq!([[1, 2], [3, 4]].connect(&0), [1, 2, 0, 3, 4]);

pub fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Returns a vector containing a copy of this slice where each byte is mapped to its ASCII upper case equivalent.

ASCII letters ‘a’ to ‘z’ are mapped to ‘A’ to ‘Z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To uppercase the value in-place, use make_ascii_uppercase.

pub fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> Vec<u8>

Returns a vector containing a copy of this slice where each byte is mapped to its ASCII lower case equivalent.

ASCII letters ‘A’ to ‘Z’ are mapped to ‘a’ to ‘z’, but non-ASCII letters are unchanged.

To lowercase the value in-place, use make_ascii_lowercase.

Trait 实现

impl AsMut<[u8]> for BytesMut

fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8]

将此类型转换为输入类型的可变引用（通常自动推导）。

impl AsRef<[u8]> for BytesMut

fn as_ref(&self) -> &[u8]

将此类型转换为输入类型的共享引用（通常自动推导）。

impl Borrow<[u8]> for BytesMut

fn borrow(&self) -> &[u8]

Immutably borrows from an owned value. 更多信息

impl BorrowMut<[u8]> for BytesMut

fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8]

Mutably borrows from an owned value. 更多信息

impl Buf for BytesMut

fn remaining(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of bytes between the current position and the end of the buffer. 更多信息

fn chunk(&self) -> &[u8]

Returns a slice starting at the current position and of length between 0 and Buf::remaining(). Note that this can return a shorter slice (this allows non-continuous internal representation). 更多信息

fn advance(&mut self, cnt: usize)

Advance the internal cursor of the Buf 更多信息

fn copy_to_bytes(&mut self, len: usize) -> Bytes

Consumes len bytes inside self and returns new instance of Bytes with this data. 更多信息

fn chunks_vectored<'a>(&'a self, dst: &mut [IoSlice<'a>]) -> usize

Fills dst with potentially multiple slices starting at self’s current position. 更多信息

fn has_remaining(&self) -> bool

Returns true if there are any more bytes to consume 更多信息

fn copy_to_slice(&mut self, dst: &mut [u8])

Copies bytes from self into dst. 更多信息

fn get_u8(&mut self) -> u8

Gets an unsigned 8 bit integer from self. 更多信息

fn get_i8(&mut self) -> i8

Gets a signed 8 bit integer from self. 更多信息

fn get_u16(&mut self) -> u16

Gets an unsigned 16 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u16_le(&mut self) -> u16

Gets an unsigned 16 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u16_ne(&mut self) -> u16

Gets an unsigned 16 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i16(&mut self) -> i16

Gets a signed 16 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i16_le(&mut self) -> i16

Gets a signed 16 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i16_ne(&mut self) -> i16

Gets a signed 16 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u32(&mut self) -> u32

Gets an unsigned 32 bit integer from self in the big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u32_le(&mut self) -> u32

Gets an unsigned 32 bit integer from self in the little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u32_ne(&mut self) -> u32

Gets an unsigned 32 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i32(&mut self) -> i32

Gets a signed 32 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i32_le(&mut self) -> i32

Gets a signed 32 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i32_ne(&mut self) -> i32

Gets a signed 32 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u64(&mut self) -> u64

Gets an unsigned 64 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u64_le(&mut self) -> u64

Gets an unsigned 64 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u64_ne(&mut self) -> u64

Gets an unsigned 64 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i64(&mut self) -> i64

Gets a signed 64 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i64_le(&mut self) -> i64

Gets a signed 64 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i64_ne(&mut self) -> i64

Gets a signed 64 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u128(&mut self) -> u128

Gets an unsigned 128 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u128_le(&mut self) -> u128

Gets an unsigned 128 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_u128_ne(&mut self) -> u128

Gets an unsigned 128 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i128(&mut self) -> i128

Gets a signed 128 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i128_le(&mut self) -> i128

Gets a signed 128 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_i128_ne(&mut self) -> i128

Gets a signed 128 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_uint(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> u64

Gets an unsigned n-byte integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_uint_le(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> u64

Gets an unsigned n-byte integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_uint_ne(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> u64

Gets an unsigned n-byte integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_int(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> i64

Gets a signed n-byte integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_int_le(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> i64

Gets a signed n-byte integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_int_ne(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> i64

Gets a signed n-byte integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_f32(&mut self) -> f32

Gets an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_f32_le(&mut self) -> f32

Gets an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_f32_ne(&mut self) -> f32

Gets an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_f64(&mut self) -> f64

Gets an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_f64_le(&mut self) -> f64

Gets an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn get_f64_ne(&mut self) -> f64

Gets an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_copy_to_slice(&mut self, dst: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), TryGetError>

Copies bytes from self into dst. 更多信息

fn try_get_u8(&mut self) -> Result<u8, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 8 bit integer from self. 更多信息

fn try_get_i8(&mut self) -> Result<i8, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 8 bit integer from self. 更多信息

fn try_get_u16(&mut self) -> Result<u16, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 16 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u16_le(&mut self) -> Result<u16, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 16 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u16_ne(&mut self) -> Result<u16, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 16 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i16(&mut self) -> Result<i16, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 16 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i16_le(&mut self) -> Result<i16, TryGetError>

Gets an signed 16 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i16_ne(&mut self) -> Result<i16, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 16 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u32(&mut self) -> Result<u32, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 32 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u32_le(&mut self) -> Result<u32, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 32 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u32_ne(&mut self) -> Result<u32, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 32 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i32(&mut self) -> Result<i32, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 32 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i32_le(&mut self) -> Result<i32, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 32 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i32_ne(&mut self) -> Result<i32, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 32 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u64(&mut self) -> Result<u64, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 64 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u64_le(&mut self) -> Result<u64, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 64 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u64_ne(&mut self) -> Result<u64, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 64 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i64(&mut self) -> Result<i64, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 64 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i64_le(&mut self) -> Result<i64, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 64 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i64_ne(&mut self) -> Result<i64, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 64 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u128(&mut self) -> Result<u128, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 128 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u128_le(&mut self) -> Result<u128, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 128 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_u128_ne(&mut self) -> Result<u128, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned 128 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i128(&mut self) -> Result<i128, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 128 bit integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i128_le(&mut self) -> Result<i128, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 128 bit integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_i128_ne(&mut self) -> Result<i128, TryGetError>

Gets a signed 128 bit integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_uint(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> Result<u64, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned n-byte integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_uint_le(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> Result<u64, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned n-byte integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_uint_ne(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> Result<u64, TryGetError>

Gets an unsigned n-byte integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_int(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> Result<i64, TryGetError>

Gets a signed n-byte integer from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_int_le(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> Result<i64, TryGetError>

Gets a signed n-byte integer from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_int_ne(&mut self, nbytes: usize) -> Result<i64, TryGetError>

Gets a signed n-byte integer from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_f32(&mut self) -> Result<f32, TryGetError>

Gets an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_f32_le(&mut self) -> Result<f32, TryGetError>

Gets an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_f32_ne(&mut self) -> Result<f32, TryGetError>

Gets an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_f64(&mut self) -> Result<f64, TryGetError>

Gets an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number from self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_f64_le(&mut self) -> Result<f64, TryGetError>

Gets an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number from self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn try_get_f64_ne(&mut self) -> Result<f64, TryGetError>

Gets an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number from self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn take(self, limit: usize) -> Take<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which will read at most limit bytes from self. 更多信息

fn chain<U: Buf>(self, next: U) -> Chain<Self, U>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which will chain this buffer with another. 更多信息

fn reader(self) -> Reader<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which implements the Read trait for self. 更多信息

impl BufMut for BytesMut

fn remaining_mut(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of bytes that can be written from the current position until the end of the buffer is reached. 更多信息

unsafe fn advance_mut(&mut self, cnt: usize)

Advance the internal cursor of the BufMut 更多信息

fn chunk_mut(&mut self) -> &mut UninitSlice

Returns a mutable slice starting at the current BufMut position and of length between 0 and BufMut::remaining_mut(). Note that this can be shorter than the whole remainder of the buffer (this allows non-continuous implementation). 更多信息

fn put<T: Buf>(&mut self, src: T)

where Self: Sized,

Transfer bytes into self from src and advance the cursor by the number of bytes written. 更多信息

fn put_slice(&mut self, src: &[u8])

Transfer bytes into self from src and advance the cursor by the number of bytes written. 更多信息

fn put_bytes(&mut self, val: u8, cnt: usize)

Put cnt bytes val into self. 更多信息

fn has_remaining_mut(&self) -> bool

Returns true if there is space in self for more bytes. 更多信息

fn put_u8(&mut self, n: u8)

Writes an unsigned 8 bit integer to self. 更多信息

fn put_i8(&mut self, n: i8)

Writes a signed 8 bit integer to self. 更多信息

fn put_u16(&mut self, n: u16)

Writes an unsigned 16 bit integer to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u16_le(&mut self, n: u16)

Writes an unsigned 16 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u16_ne(&mut self, n: u16)

Writes an unsigned 16 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i16(&mut self, n: i16)

Writes a signed 16 bit integer to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i16_le(&mut self, n: i16)

Writes a signed 16 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i16_ne(&mut self, n: i16)

Writes a signed 16 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u32(&mut self, n: u32)

Writes an unsigned 32 bit integer to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u32_le(&mut self, n: u32)

Writes an unsigned 32 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u32_ne(&mut self, n: u32)

Writes an unsigned 32 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i32(&mut self, n: i32)

Writes a signed 32 bit integer to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i32_le(&mut self, n: i32)

Writes a signed 32 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i32_ne(&mut self, n: i32)

Writes a signed 32 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u64(&mut self, n: u64)

Writes an unsigned 64 bit integer to self in the big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u64_le(&mut self, n: u64)

Writes an unsigned 64 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u64_ne(&mut self, n: u64)

Writes an unsigned 64 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i64(&mut self, n: i64)

Writes a signed 64 bit integer to self in the big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i64_le(&mut self, n: i64)

Writes a signed 64 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i64_ne(&mut self, n: i64)

Writes a signed 64 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u128(&mut self, n: u128)

Writes an unsigned 128 bit integer to self in the big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u128_le(&mut self, n: u128)

Writes an unsigned 128 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_u128_ne(&mut self, n: u128)

Writes an unsigned 128 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i128(&mut self, n: i128)

Writes a signed 128 bit integer to self in the big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i128_le(&mut self, n: i128)

Writes a signed 128 bit integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_i128_ne(&mut self, n: i128)

Writes a signed 128 bit integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_uint(&mut self, n: u64, nbytes: usize)

Writes an unsigned n-byte integer to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_uint_le(&mut self, n: u64, nbytes: usize)

Writes an unsigned n-byte integer to self in the little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_uint_ne(&mut self, n: u64, nbytes: usize)

Writes an unsigned n-byte integer to self in the native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_int(&mut self, n: i64, nbytes: usize)

Writes low nbytes of a signed integer to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_int_le(&mut self, n: i64, nbytes: usize)

Writes low nbytes of a signed integer to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_int_ne(&mut self, n: i64, nbytes: usize)

Writes low nbytes of a signed integer to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_f32(&mut self, n: f32)

Writes an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_f32_le(&mut self, n: f32)

Writes an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_f32_ne(&mut self, n: f32)

Writes an IEEE754 single-precision (4 bytes) floating point number to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_f64(&mut self, n: f64)

Writes an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to self in big-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_f64_le(&mut self, n: f64)

Writes an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to self in little-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn put_f64_ne(&mut self, n: f64)

Writes an IEEE754 double-precision (8 bytes) floating point number to self in native-endian byte order. 更多信息

fn limit(self, limit: usize) -> Limit<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which can write at most limit bytes to self. 更多信息

fn writer(self) -> Writer<Self>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adaptor which implements the Write trait for self. 更多信息

fn chain_mut<U: BufMut>(self, next: U) -> Chain<Self, U>

where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this buffer with another. 更多信息

impl Clone for BytesMut

fn clone(&self) -> BytesMut

返回值的副本。 更多信息

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. 更多信息

impl Debug for BytesMut

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

使用给定的格式化器格式化此值。 更多信息

impl Default for BytesMut

fn default() -> BytesMut

Returns the “default value” for a type. 更多信息

impl Deref for BytesMut

type Target = [u8]

解引用后得到的类型。

fn deref(&self) -> &[u8]

解引用此值。

impl DerefMut for BytesMut

fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [u8]

以可变方式解引用此值。

impl Drop for BytesMut

fn drop(&mut self)

执行此类型的析构函数。 更多信息

impl<'a> Extend<&'a u8> for BytesMut

fn extend<T>(&mut self, iter: T)

where T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a u8>,

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. 更多信息

fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Extends a collection with exactly one element.

fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. 更多信息

impl Extend<Bytes> for BytesMut

fn extend<T>(&mut self, iter: T)

where T: IntoIterator<Item = Bytes>,

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. 更多信息

fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Extends a collection with exactly one element.

fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. 更多信息

impl Extend<u8> for BytesMut

fn extend<T>(&mut self, iter: T)

where T: IntoIterator<Item = u8>,

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. 更多信息

fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Extends a collection with exactly one element.

fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)

Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. 更多信息

impl<'a> From<&'a [u8]> for BytesMut

fn from(src: &'a [u8]) -> BytesMut

从输入类型转换为此类型。

impl<'a> From<&'a str> for BytesMut

fn from(src: &'a str) -> BytesMut

从输入类型转换为此类型。

impl From<Bytes> for BytesMut

fn from(bytes: Bytes) -> Self

将 self 转换为 BytesMut。

若 bytes 在整个原始缓冲区中是唯一的，则返回包含 bytes 内容（无拷贝）的 BytesMut。若 bytes 在整个原始缓冲区中不是唯一的，则会对原始缓冲区中 bytes 子集进行复制。

示例

use bytes::{Bytes, BytesMut};

let bytes = Bytes::from(b"hello".to_vec());
assert_eq!(BytesMut::from(bytes), BytesMut::from(&b"hello"[..]));

impl From<BytesMut> for Bytes

fn from(src: BytesMut) -> Bytes

从输入类型转换为此类型。

impl From<BytesMut> for Vec<u8>

fn from(bytes: BytesMut) -> Self

从输入类型转换为此类型。

impl<'a> FromIterator<&'a u8> for BytesMut

fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = &'a u8>>(into_iter: T) -> Self

Creates a value from an iterator. 更多信息

impl FromIterator<u8> for BytesMut

fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = u8>>(into_iter: T) -> Self

Creates a value from an iterator. 更多信息

impl Hash for BytesMut

fn hash<H>(&self, state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. 更多信息

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)

where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. 更多信息

impl<'a> IntoIterator for &'a BytesMut

type Item = &'a u8

被迭代元素的类型。

type IntoIter = Iter<'a, u8>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value. 更多信息

impl IntoIterator for BytesMut

type Item = u8

被迭代元素的类型。

type IntoIter = IntoIter<BytesMut>

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?

fn into_iter(self) -> Self::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value. 更多信息

impl LowerHex for BytesMut

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

使用给定的格式化器格式化此值。 更多信息

impl Ord for BytesMut

fn cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other. 更多信息

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. 更多信息

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. 更多信息

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self

where Self: Sized,

Restrict a value to a certain interval. 更多信息

impl<'a, T: ?Sized> PartialEq<&'a T> for BytesMut

where BytesMut: PartialEq<T>,

fn eq(&self, other: &&'a T) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<[u8]> for BytesMut

fn eq(&self, other: &[u8]) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<Bytes> for BytesMut

fn eq(&self, other: &Bytes) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for &[u8]

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for &str

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for [u8]

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for Bytes

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for String

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for Vec<u8>

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<BytesMut> for str

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<String> for BytesMut

fn eq(&self, other: &String) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<Vec<u8>> for BytesMut

fn eq(&self, other: &Vec<u8>) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq<str> for BytesMut

fn eq(&self, other: &str) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl PartialEq for BytesMut

fn eq(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> bool

测试 self 与 other 值是否相等，供 == 运算符使用。

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试 != 运算符。默认实现几乎总是够用，除非有非常充分的理由，否则不应被覆盖。

impl<'a, T: ?Sized> PartialOrd<&'a T> for BytesMut

where BytesMut: PartialOrd<T>,

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &&'a T) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<[u8]> for BytesMut

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &[u8]) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<BytesMut> for &[u8]

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<BytesMut> for &str

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<BytesMut> for [u8]

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<BytesMut> for String

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<BytesMut> for Vec<u8>

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<BytesMut> for str

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<String> for BytesMut

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &String) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<Vec<u8>> for BytesMut

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Vec<u8>) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd<str> for BytesMut

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &str) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl PartialOrd for BytesMut

fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &BytesMut) -> Option<Ordering>

若存在，此方法返回 self 与 other 值之间的排序关系。 更多信息

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

测试小于（针对 self 与 other），供 < 运算符使用。 更多信息

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. 更多信息

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. 更多信息

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

Tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. 更多信息

impl UpperHex for BytesMut

fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result

使用给定的格式化器格式化此值。 更多信息

impl Write for BytesMut

fn write_str(&mut self, s: &str) -> Result

Writes a string slice into this writer, returning whether the write succeeded. 更多信息

fn write_fmt(&mut self, args: Arguments<'_>) -> Result

Glue for usage of the write! macro with implementors of this trait. 更多信息

fn write_char(&mut self, c: char) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a char into this writer, returning whether the write succeeded. 更多信息

impl Eq for BytesMut

impl Send for BytesMut

impl Sync for BytesMut